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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 3/2008

01.03.2008 | Leitthema

Androgendeprivation in der Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. A. Heidenreich, D. Pfister, C.H. Ohlmann, U.H. Engelmann

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 3/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Die Androgendeprivation (ADT) durch medikamentöse oder chirurgische Kastration stellt die Therapie der Wahl des systemisch oder lokoregionär metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms (PCA) dar. Obwohl die ADT seit über 60 Jahren erfolgreich etabliert ist, bestehen wesentliche Kontroversen über Verfahren (medikamentös oder chirurgisch), Beginn (sofort oder verzögert), Art (komplette oder einfache Blockade) und Dauer der ADT (kontinuierlich oder intermittierend). In der vorliegenden Übersicht sollen die verschiedenen Optionen der ADT kritisch bewertet werden.
Die bilaterale subkapsuläre Orchiektomie und die Applikation von LHRH-Analoga repräsentieren die Standardtherapie, während die Behandlung mit Östrogenen aufgrund der kardiovaskulären Komplikationen trotz vergleichbarer therapeutischer Effektivität nicht empfohlen wird. Die antiandrogene Monotherapie mit Bicalutamid weist bei minimaler Metastasenlast der LHRH-Therapie vergleichbare Überlebensraten auf, während bei ausgedehnter Metastasenlast die LHRH-Gabe favorisiert werden sollte. Die maximale ADT erbringt nur einen marginalen Überlebensbenefit von 5% für Patienten mit geringer Metastasenlast und bedarf einer kritischen Indikationsstellung.
Die frühe ADT erbringt beim metastasierten PCA einen Vorteil in Bezug auf das symptomfreie Überleben und sollte zur Vermeidung signifikanter Komplikationen frühzeitig eingeleitet werden – die frühe ADT übt jedoch keinen Vorteil auf das progressionsfreie und das Gesamtüberleben aus. Die intermittierende ADT stellt trotz erster viel versprechender Resultate aufgrund fehlender Daten prospektiv randomisierter Studien weiterhin eine experimentelle Therapie mit dem Vorteil einer verbesserten Lebensqualität für ausgewählte Patienten dar. Während die adjuvante ADT bei lymphonodulär metastasiertem PCA nach radikaler Prostatektomie weiterhin kontrovers diskutiert wird, ist der adjuvante Einsatz nach perkutaner Radiatio wegen eines lokal fortgeschrittenen PCA über mindestens 2 Jahre mit einem signifikanten Benefit bezüglich des progressionsfreien und des Gesamtüberlebens verbunden und stellt den aktuellen Standard der Therapie dar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Androgendeprivation in der Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. A. Heidenreich
D. Pfister
C.H. Ohlmann
U.H. Engelmann
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 3/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-008-1636-2

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