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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 3/2010

01.03.2010 | Intensivmedizin

Delir auf der Intensivstation

verfasst von: Dr. R. von Haken, M. Gruß, K. Plaschke, M. Scholz, R. Engelhardt, A. Brobeil, E. Martin, M.A. Weigand

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 3/2010

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Zusammenfassung

Das Intensivdelir bzw. das Delir des Intensivpatienten erfährt in den letzten Jahren international ein zunehmendes Interesse der Intensivmediziner. Auf deutschen Intensivstationen hingegen scheint dieses hoch komplexe Krankheitsbild weiterhin eine lästige Begleiterscheinung darzustellen, dessen Bedeutung verkannt wird. Das ist insofern erstaunlich, als dass dank der Entwicklung hoch differenzierter Beatmungsgeräte für die meisten Intensivpatienten eine tiefe Analgosedierung heute oftmals obsolet ist und leicht zu handhabende Bedside-Tests erarbeitet wurden, die ein neurologisches und kognitives „scoring“ des beatmeten Intensivpatienten ermöglichen. Die Inzidenz des Intensivdelirs erweist sich dabei als überraschend hoch. In seiner Bedeutung ist das Intensivdelir als ein Organversagen zu verstehen und gilt als unabhängiger prognostischer Faktor für die Letalität und die Krankenhausverweildauer. Sowohl die Pathophysiologie als auch die Risikofaktoren sind bisher noch unzureichend verstanden. Als gesichert gilt, dass bestimmte alterassoziierte Vorerkrankungen, allen voran die Demenz, die aktuelle Diagnose bzw. der erfolgte chirurgische Eingriff und viele „Standardmedikamente“ der anästhesiologischen Prämedikation sowie der Intensivtherapie ein deutlich höheres Risiko für die Entwicklung eines Intensivdelirs nach sich ziehen. Bezüglich der Pathophysiologie des Delirs wird eine Imbalance von Neurotransmittern, insbesondere zwischen Acetylcholin (ACh) und Dopamin/Serotonin vermutet. Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten beschränken sich bislang auf die Anwendung von reorientierenden Begleitmaßnahmen, intensiver Physiotherapie, einer adäquaten Schmerztherapie und der Gabe von Neuroleptika.
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Metadaten
Titel
Delir auf der Intensivstation
verfasst von
Dr. R. von Haken
M. Gruß
K. Plaschke
M. Scholz
R. Engelhardt
A. Brobeil
E. Martin
M.A. Weigand
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2010
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 3/2010
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-009-1664-3

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„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

17.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Sie sei „ethisch geboten“, meint Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach: mehr Transparenz über die Qualität von Klinikbehandlungen. Um sie abzubilden, lässt er gegen den Widerstand vieler Länder einen virtuellen Klinik-Atlas freischalten.

Delir bei kritisch Kranken – Antipsychotika versus Placebo

16.05.2024 Delir Nachrichten

Um die Langzeitfolgen eines Delirs bei kritisch Kranken zu mildern, wird vielerorts auf eine Akuttherapie mit Antipsychotika gesetzt. Eine US-amerikanische Forschungsgruppe äußert jetzt erhebliche Vorbehalte gegen dieses Vorgehen. Denn es gibt neue Daten zum Langzeiteffekt von Haloperidol bzw. Ziprasidon versus Placebo.

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