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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie 4/2015

01.11.2015 | Leitthema

Empfehlungen zu Endokrinologischen Aspekten bei Jugendlichen mit Epilepsie

verfasst von: Priv.-Doz. Dr. M. Rauchenzauner

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 4/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Während der Phase von Wachstum und Pubertät begleiten profunde Veränderungen metabolischer/endokrinologischer Kompartimente die Reifung verschiedenster Hormonsysteme (Geschlechts-, Schilddrüsenhormone, Knochengesundheit, Fett- und Glukosestoffwechsel). Einerseits kann die Erkrankung Epilepsie per se Auswirkungen auf diverse endokrine Systeme haben, andererseits ist bekannt, dass antikonvulsive Medikamente neuro-endokrine Veränderungen vor allem im Bereich der Geschlechtshormone, des Glukose- und Fettstoffwechsels aber auch im Bereich der Knochengesundheit hervorrufen können. Veränderungen von Schilddrüsenhormonen sind derzeit in ihrer klinischen Relevanz noch strittig, regelmäßige Laborkontrollen insbesondere bei Therapie mit Valproinsäure, Carbamazepin und Oxcarbazepin sind empfehlenswert. Zum Ausschluss von Veränderungen der Knochendichte erscheint eine genaue Risikostratifizierung und regelhafte Bestimmung der Vitamin-D-Spiegel sinnvoll. Die Kontrazeption bei Jugendlichen mit Epilepsie sollte entweder durch ein Pillenpräparat mit ausreichend hohem Östrogengehalt und dem Verzicht auf ein pillenfreies Intervall in Kombination mit zusätzlichem Schutz (Kondom) oder alternativ durch eine Hormonspirale erfolgen. Die Empfehlungen bei Eintritt einer Schwangerschaft beinhalten die genaue Instruktion in Bezug auf Anfallshygiene sowie engmaschige Spiegelkontrollen. Bei Einnahme von Lamotrigin (LTG) in Kombination mit oralen Kontrazeptiva (OCs) sind engmaschige Spiegelkontrollen mit gegebenenfalls Dosisanpassungen notwendig, midzyklische Blutungen können auf ein Versagen der kontrazeptiven Sicherheit hinweisend sein. Die Auswirkungen von Sport und Fitness auf die Epilepsie sind insgesamt, eine stabile Anfallssituation vorausgesetzt, als durchwegs positiv zu bewerten und gehen gerade im Kindes- und Jugendalter weit über ein reines Lifestyle-Thema hinaus. Insgesamt erscheint gerade deshalb bei jungen Frauen mit Epilepsie ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz (Gynäkologie, Endokrinologie, Neuropädiatrie) wünschenswert und notwendig.
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Metadaten
Titel
Empfehlungen zu Endokrinologischen Aspekten bei Jugendlichen mit Epilepsie
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. M. Rauchenzauner
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-015-0002-9

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