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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 9/2014

01.09.2014 | Leitthema

Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte bei der koronaren Herzkrankheit

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. K.-H. Ladwig, C. Waller

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 9/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Die Gesamtzahl an koronarbedingten Todesfällen ist bei Frauen trotz eines um ca. 10 Jahre höheren mittleren durchschnittlichen Manifestationsalters höher als bei Männern. Jedoch kommen etwa doppelt so viele Männer wie Frauen wegen einer ischämischen koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) jährlich zur akutstationären Aufnahme. Zwischen Frauen- und Männerherzen existieren auf morphologischer und physiologischer Ebene bemerkenswerte Unterschiede (z. B. Koronargefäßdiameter; belastungsabhängige Energie-Substratverfügbarkeit). Bedeutsame Geschlechtsunterschiede finden sich auch in der Häufigkeit und der klinischen Bedeutung einzelner Risikofaktoren (z. B. beim Rauchen). Nach der Menopause steigt das Körpergewicht bei Frauen deutlich an, und es kommt bei ihnen zu einer eher androiden Fettverteilung. Frauen berichten im Allgemeinen höhere Werte in der unspezifischen und affektiven Symptombelastung. Angststörungen und Depression sind bei Frauen häufiger, ihr Einfluss auf die KHK aber vermutlich geringer. Der postakute Krankheitsverlauf der KHK ist bei Frauen komplikationsreicher, insbesondere weil weibliche KHK-Patientinnen älter und multimorbider sind. Während männliche KHK-Patienten eine möglichst schnelle Genesung, körperliche Fitness und eine Erhöhung der Lebenserwartung anstreben, wünschen sich Frauen eher eine Entlastung vom Alltag, den Erhalt der Unabhängigkeit und emotionale Unterstützung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte bei der koronaren Herzkrankheit
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. K.-H. Ladwig
C. Waller
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 9/2014
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-014-2020-6

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