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Erschienen in: Der Diabetologe 3/2016

29.04.2016 | Typ-2-Diabetes | Leitthema

Kardiovaskuläre Effekte von Metformin, Sulfonylharnstoffen und Gliniden

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 3/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Metformin und Sulfonylharnstoffe (SH) gelten als die am besten zur oralen Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 etablierten Substanzen. Während für Metformin zunehmend ein kardiovaskulär protektiver Effekt angenommen wird, wird die Sicherheit einer SH-Therapie seit mehr als 30 Jahren kontrovers diskutiert.

Studien

In der UKPDS („United Kingdom prospective diabetes study“) konnte eine Reduktion der Mortalität und des kardiovaskulären Risikos unter einer Therapie mit Metformin dargestellt werden. Demgegenüber ging eine Kombinationstherapie mit Metformin und SH mit einer Erhöhung sowohl der diabetesassoziierten als auch der Gesamtmortalität einher. Die Ergebnisse zahlreicher populationsbasierter Untersuchungen untermauerten die Zweifel an der Sicherheit einer SH-Therapie. Randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien (RCT) hierzu dagegen ergaben ein widersprüchliches Bild. Allerdings weist keine der derzeit verfügbaren RCT ein entsprechendes Design auf, um die Frage nach der Sicherheit einer SH-Therapie aussagekräftig beantworten zu können. Bei der Mehrzahl der verfügbaren Studien ist die Patientenzahl sehr gering, die Beobachtungsdauer zu kurz oder es wurden Kollektive mit einem ausgesprochen geringen Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse im Beobachtungszeitraum der Studie untersucht.

Resümee

Bei der derzeitigen Datenlage ist keine abschließende Einschätzung der kardiovaskulären Sicherheit einer SH-Therapie möglich. Bei der Fülle der vorliegenden kritischen Daten zur Morbidität und Mortalität unter dieser Behandlung und der zwischenzeitlich verfügbaren, nachweislich sicheren Alternativen sollte der Einsatz von SH bis zum Vorliegen eindeutiger Sicherheitsdaten nur mit äußerster Sorgfalt und unter Berücksichtigung des individuellen Risikoprofils erwogen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Kardiovaskuläre Effekte von Metformin, Sulfonylharnstoffen und Gliniden
Publikationsdatum
29.04.2016
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-016-0082-9

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