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Erschienen in: Der Unfallchirurg 9/2006

01.09.2006 | Leitthema

Die Überbrückung von posttraumatischen Knochendefekten

Bewährtes und Neues

verfasst von: Dr. M. Schieker, W. Mutschler

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 9/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Knochendefekte können durch Hochrasanztraumen, Sturz auf Osteoporose-geschwächten Knochen oder nach Resektion betroffener Knochenabschnitte zur Therapie angeborener oder erworbener Erkrankungen des Stütz- und Bewegungsapparates oder posttraumatischer Folgezustände entstehen. Daraus ergibt sich eine Vielzahl von Defektlokalisationen, Defektausprägungen, Knochen- und Weichteilkonditionen sowie Patientengegebenheiten.
Eine sinnvolle, praxisrelevante Einteilung der Defekte erfolgt in die vier Grundtypen: Wirbelsäulendefekt, metaphysärer Defekt, Halb- und Vollschaftdefekt von Röhrenknochen. Für diese Defekte liegen verschiedene Therapieoptionen vor. Das Ziel ist dabei, einen dauerhaften und belastungsstabilen Defektverschluß zu erreichen, Achsen und Längen wiederherzustellen und die Gelenkfunktionen zu gewährleisten.
Neben den klassischen Verfahren der autogenen und allogenen Knochentransplantation können Knochenersatzmaterialien in großer Variation eingesetzt werden. Weitere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ergeben sich durch aufwändige Rekonstruktionsverfahren wie Segmenttransport oder vaskularisierte Knochentransplantation. Nicht zuletzt werden große Hoffnungen in neue regenerative Strategien im Rahmen des Tissue Engineerings sowie der Stammzell- und Gentherapie gesetzt. Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist es, unter Einbeziehung der biologischen und mechanischen Kenngrößen eine Rangfolge für die Therapie posttraumatischer Defekte abzuleiten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die Überbrückung von posttraumatischen Knochendefekten
Bewährtes und Neues
verfasst von
Dr. M. Schieker
W. Mutschler
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 9/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-006-1152-z

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