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Erschienen in: Psychotherapeut 5/2013

01.09.2013 | Originalien

Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik im DSM-5

verfasst von: Johannes Zimmermann, Cord Benecke, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Robert F. Krueger, Daniel Leising

Erschienen in: Die Psychotherapie | Ausgabe 5/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Die im Mai 2013 erschienene 5. Ausgabe des Diagnostischen und Statistischen Handbuchs Psychischer Störungen (DSM-5) enthält in Sektion III ein alternatives Modell zur Klassifikation von Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, dieses Modell im deutschsprachigen Raum vorzustellen. Hierzu wird erstens verdeutlicht, warum ein neues Modell überhaupt nötig erscheint. Zweitens werden die verschiedenen Komponenten des neuen DSM-5-Modells vorgestellt, hinsichtlich ihres theoretischen und empirischen Hintergrunds beleuchtet und an einem Fallbeispiel illustriert. Drittens wird diskutiert, welche Vorteile mit dem neuen Modell gegenüber den diagnostischen Kategorien des DSM-IV verbunden sind (die in Sektion II des DSM-5 zunächst bestehen bleiben). Zum Abschluss werden offene Fragen und Probleme thematisiert, die weitere konzeptuelle und empirische Forschung erfordern.
Fußnoten
1
Genauer gesagt geht es darum sicherzustellen, dass das Verhaltensmuster nicht besser durch das Vorliegen einer anderen psychischen Störung (Kriterium E), die physiologische Wirkung einer Substanz bzw. das Vorliegen eines anderen medizinischen Befunds (Kriterium F), den individuellen Entwicklungsstand oder das soziokulturelle Umfeld der Person (Kriterium G) erklärt werden kann.
 
2
Im Moment sind allerdings nur die englischsprachigen Originalversionen des PID-5 frei verfügbar. Die APA hat die Rechte für Übersetzungen des DSM-5 (inklusive aller Screening-Instrumente und Rating-Skalen) an andere Verlage abgetreten. Daher kann die bereits vorliegende, validierte deutsche Forschungsversion des PID-5 (Zimmermann et al. 2013a) vorerst nicht offiziell verwendet werden. Dies gilt auch für die deutsche Version der LPFS (Zimmermann et al. 2013b). Wann und in welcher Form deutsche Übersetzungen dieser Instrumente offiziell verfügbar sein werden, ist noch unklar.
 
3
Neben Cluster- oder latenten Profilanalysen sind natürlich auch andere Verfahren denkbar, um PS-Typen empirisch abzusichern: bespielsweise der Nachweis, dass den Merkmalen eine gemeinsame Ursache zugrunde liegt Leising u. Zimmermann 2011; Zapolski et al. 2012), dass die Merkmale bei der Vorhersage von negativen Konsequenzen interagieren (Morey u. Skodol 2013) oder dass die Merkmale auf individueller Ebene in dynamischer Wechselwirkung stehen (Os et al. 2013).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik im DSM-5
verfasst von
Johannes Zimmermann
Cord Benecke
Donna S. Bender
Andrew E. Skodol
Robert F. Krueger
Daniel Leising
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Psychotherapie / Ausgabe 5/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7161
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-717X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-013-1009-1

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