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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 12/2016

30.06.2016 | Makuladegeneration | Übersichten

Makula-Atrophie bei feuchter altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration

Unausweichliche Folge der anti-VEGF-Therapie ?

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. J. G. Garweg

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 12/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Zu den lokalen Langzeitschäden der anti-VEGF-Therapie ist die Datenlage unübersichtlich. Ziel der vorliegenden Übersicht ist es deshalb, die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen für Entwicklung und Fortschreiten der Makula-Atrophie (MA) und des möglichen Einflusses einer anti-VEGF-Therapie auf den Verlauf plausibel zu machen.

Methoden

Die Übersicht basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche in PubMed mit den Schlüsselwörtern „wet AMD“ und „macular atrophy“ (151 Treffer). Unter den seit Anfang 2013 erschienenen Publikationen (n = 90) wurden diejenigen ausgeschieden, die auf Diagnostik und Verlauf, aber nicht Therapie ausgerichtet waren. Unter dem Begriff MA wird hier die Atrophie des funktionell relevanten Komplexes von Photorezeptoren, retinalem Pigmentepithel (RPE), Bruch-Membran und Choriokapillaris verstanden.

Ergebnisse

Experimentell führt eine primäre, vollständige VEGF-Suppression zu erheblichen Veränderungen in der Choriokapillaris, eine inkomplette VEGF-Suppression hingegen zum schleichenden Untergang von Ganglienzellen und Photorezeptoren. Klinisch sind allerdings oft bereits vor Therapiebeginn degenerative Veränderungen an RPE und Bruch-Membran vorhanden. Folglich ist die MA Folge der fortschreitenden neurodegenerativen Grunderkrankung zu verstehen, die vermutlich durch die anti-VEGF-Therapie beschleunigt wird. Unter Ranibizumab ist ein rascheres Fortschreiten zu erwarten als unter Bevacizumab sowie unter monatlicher Therapie rascher als unter PRN-Therapie (lat. pro renata, dt. nach Bedarf). Trotz der dadurch induzierten MA ist die retinale Funktion unter konsequenter Therapie besser, sodass die Beschleunigung der Progression unter anti-VEGF-Therapie in den ersten 5 Jahren nur bei primär fortgeschrittener MA Bedeutung gewinnt.

Schlussfolgerung

Trotz der Zweifel an der langfristigen Sicherheit der anti-VEGF-Therapie ist aus Sicht des Autors eine konsequente Therapie zur Erhaltung der Sehfunktion verhältnismäßig. Dabei lässt sich der therapieinduzierte Schaden kaum von dem natürlichen Fortschreiten der AMD und der biologischen Situation der Patienten trennen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Makula-Atrophie bei feuchter altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration
Unausweichliche Folge der anti-VEGF-Therapie ?
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. J. G. Garweg
Publikationsdatum
30.06.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Makuladegeneration
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 12/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-016-0306-9

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