Skip to main content

26.04.2024 | Metformin | DDG Praxisempfehlungen

Diabetes und Schwangerschaft

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Michael Hummel, PD Dr. Martin Füchtenbusch, Wilgard Battefeld, Christoph Bührer, Tanja Groten, Thomas Haak, Franz Kainer, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Andreas Lechner, Thomas Meissner, Christine Nagel-Reuper, Ute Schäfer-Graf, Thorsten Siegmund

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Auf der Webseite der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (https://​www.​ddg.​info/​behandlung-leitlinien/​leitlinien-praxisempfehlung​en) befinden sich alle PDF zum kostenlosen Download. …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2005) ACOG Committee Opinion number 315, September 2005. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 106:671–675 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2005) ACOG Committee Opinion number 315, September 2005. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 106:671–675
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbour LA (2014) Changing perspectives in pre-existing diabetes and obesity in pregnancy: maternal and infant short- and long-term outcomes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 21:257–263CrossRefPubMed Barbour LA (2014) Changing perspectives in pre-existing diabetes and obesity in pregnancy: maternal and infant short- and long-term outcomes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 21:257–263CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Metwally M, Ong KJ, Ledger WL et al (2008) Does high body mass index increase the risk of miscarriage after spontaneous and assisted conception? A meta-analysis of the evidence. Fertil Steril 90:714–726CrossRefPubMed Metwally M, Ong KJ, Ledger WL et al (2008) Does high body mass index increase the risk of miscarriage after spontaneous and assisted conception? A meta-analysis of the evidence. Fertil Steril 90:714–726CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Eijkemans MJC et al (2008) Obesity affects spontaneous pregnancy chances in subfertile, ovulatory women. Hum Reprod 23:324–328CrossRefPubMed van der Steeg JW, Steures P, Eijkemans MJC et al (2008) Obesity affects spontaneous pregnancy chances in subfertile, ovulatory women. Hum Reprod 23:324–328CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Araujo J, Brandão LAC, Guimarães RL et al (2008) Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction in young Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 9:272–276CrossRefPubMed Araujo J, Brandão LAC, Guimarães RL et al (2008) Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction in young Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 9:272–276CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Dittmar M, Kahaly GJ (2003) Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: immunogenetics and long-term follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2983–2992CrossRefPubMed Dittmar M, Kahaly GJ (2003) Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes: immunogenetics and long-term follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2983–2992CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunger-Battefeld W, Fath K, Mandecka A et al (2009) Prävalenz eines polyglandulären Autoimmunsyndroms bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Med Klin (munich) 104:183–191CrossRefPubMed Hunger-Battefeld W, Fath K, Mandecka A et al (2009) Prävalenz eines polyglandulären Autoimmunsyndroms bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1. Med Klin (munich) 104:183–191CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rabe M, Groten T, Dawczynski K et al (2015) Tranzplazentarer Autoantikörpertransfer bei Schwangeren mit Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus bzw. polyglandulärem Autoimmunsyndrom. Diabetol Stoffwechs 10:322–328CrossRef Rabe M, Groten T, Dawczynski K et al (2015) Tranzplazentarer Autoantikörpertransfer bei Schwangeren mit Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus bzw. polyglandulärem Autoimmunsyndrom. Diabetol Stoffwechs 10:322–328CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bell R, Glinianaia SV, Tennant PWG (2012) et al Peri-conception hyperglycaemia and nephropathy are associated with risk of congenital anomaly in women with pre-existing diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 55:936–947CrossRef Bell R, Glinianaia SV, Tennant PWG (2012) et al Peri-conception hyperglycaemia and nephropathy are associated with risk of congenital anomaly in women with pre-existing diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 55:936–947CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Cyganek K, Skupien J, Katra B et al (2017) Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control. Endocrine 55:447–455CrossRefPubMed Cyganek K, Skupien J, Katra B et al (2017) Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control. Endocrine 55:447–455CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Holmes VA, Young IS, Patterson CC et al (2011) Optimal glycemic control, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes and pre-eclampsia intervention trial. Diabetes Care 34:1683–1688CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Holmes VA, Young IS, Patterson CC et al (2011) Optimal glycemic control, pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension in women with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes and pre-eclampsia intervention trial. Diabetes Care 34:1683–1688CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M, Söderling J et al (2019) Maternal Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes and the Risk for Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 170:691–701CrossRefPubMed Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M, Söderling J et al (2019) Maternal Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes and the Risk for Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 170:691–701CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Tennant PWG, Glinianaia SV, Bilous RW et al (2014) Pre-existing diabetes, maternal glycated haemoglobin, and the risks of fetal and infant death: A population-based study. Diabetologia 57:285–294CrossRefPubMed Tennant PWG, Glinianaia SV, Bilous RW et al (2014) Pre-existing diabetes, maternal glycated haemoglobin, and the risks of fetal and infant death: A population-based study. Diabetologia 57:285–294CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Feig DS, Corcoy R, Donovan LE et al (2018) Pumps or Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnancy Involving Type 1 Diabetes: A Prespecified Analysis of the CONCEPTT Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 41:2471–2479CrossRefPubMed Feig DS, Corcoy R, Donovan LE et al (2018) Pumps or Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnancy Involving Type 1 Diabetes: A Prespecified Analysis of the CONCEPTT Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 41:2471–2479CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Glinianaia SV, Tennant PWG, Bilous RW et al (2012) HbA(1c) and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 55:3193–3203CrossRefPubMed Glinianaia SV, Tennant PWG, Bilous RW et al (2012) HbA(1c) and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 55:3193–3203CrossRefPubMed
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Björklund AO, Adamson UK, Almström NH et al (1996) Effects of hypoglycaemia on fetal heart activity and umbilical artery Doppler velocity waveforms in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103:413–420CrossRefPubMed Björklund AO, Adamson UK, Almström NH et al (1996) Effects of hypoglycaemia on fetal heart activity and umbilical artery Doppler velocity waveforms in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103:413–420CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Naik D, Hesarghatta Shyamasunder A, Doddabelavangala Mruthyunjaya M et al (2017) Masked hypoglycemia in pregnancy. J Diabetes 9:778–786CrossRefPubMed Naik D, Hesarghatta Shyamasunder A, Doddabelavangala Mruthyunjaya M et al (2017) Masked hypoglycemia in pregnancy. J Diabetes 9:778–786CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Reece EA, Hagay Z, Roberts AB et al (1995) Fetal Doppler and behavioral responses during hypoglycemia induced with the insulin clamp technique in pregnant diabetic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:151–155CrossRefPubMed Reece EA, Hagay Z, Roberts AB et al (1995) Fetal Doppler and behavioral responses during hypoglycemia induced with the insulin clamp technique in pregnant diabetic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:151–155CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat ter Braak EWMT, Evers IM, Erkelens WD et al (2002) Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: Maternal and fetal consequences. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18:96–105CrossRefPubMed ter Braak EWMT, Evers IM, Erkelens WD et al (2002) Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: Maternal and fetal consequences. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18:96–105CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenzen T, Pociot F, Johannesen J et al (1999) A population-based survey of frequencies of self-reported spontaneous and induced abortions in Danish women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Danish IDDM Epidemiology and Genetics Group. Diabet Med 16:472–476CrossRefPubMed Lorenzen T, Pociot F, Johannesen J et al (1999) A population-based survey of frequencies of self-reported spontaneous and induced abortions in Danish women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Danish IDDM Epidemiology and Genetics Group. Diabet Med 16:472–476CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Combs CA et al (1994) Glycemic thresholds for spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 84:515–520PubMed Rosenn B, Miodovnik M, Combs CA et al (1994) Glycemic thresholds for spontaneous abortion and congenital malformations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 84:515–520PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutherland HW, Pritchard CW (1987) Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156:135–138CrossRefPubMed Sutherland HW, Pritchard CW (1987) Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 156:135–138CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Becerra JE, Khoury MJ, Cordero JF et al (1990) Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population-based case-control study. Pediatrics 85:1–9CrossRefPubMed Becerra JE, Khoury MJ, Cordero JF et al (1990) Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population-based case-control study. Pediatrics 85:1–9CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Chou H‑H, Chiou M‑J, Liang F‑W et al (2016) Association of maternal chronic disease with risk of congenital heart disease in offspring. CMAJ 188:E438–E446CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chou H‑H, Chiou M‑J, Liang F‑W et al (2016) Association of maternal chronic disease with risk of congenital heart disease in offspring. CMAJ 188:E438–E446CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao E, Zhang Y, Zeng X et al (2015) Association between maternal diabetes mellitus and the risk of congenital malformations: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Drug Discov Ther 9:274–281CrossRefPubMed Zhao E, Zhang Y, Zeng X et al (2015) Association between maternal diabetes mellitus and the risk of congenital malformations: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Drug Discov Ther 9:274–281CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinceti M, Malagoli C, Rothman KJ et al (2014) Risk of birth defects associated with maternal pregestational diabetes. Eur J Epidemiol 29:411–418CrossRefPubMed Vinceti M, Malagoli C, Rothman KJ et al (2014) Risk of birth defects associated with maternal pregestational diabetes. Eur J Epidemiol 29:411–418CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Callec R, Perdriolle-Galet E, Sery G‑A et al (2014) Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: Rates of fetal malformations and level of preconception care. J Obstet Gynaecol 34:648–649CrossRefPubMed Callec R, Perdriolle-Galet E, Sery G‑A et al (2014) Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: Rates of fetal malformations and level of preconception care. J Obstet Gynaecol 34:648–649CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Evers IM, de Valk HW, Visser GHA (2004) Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: Nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands. BMJ 328 7445:915CrossRef Evers IM, de Valk HW, Visser GHA (2004) Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: Nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands. BMJ 328 7445:915CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoang TT, Marengo LK, Mitchell LE et al (2017) Original findings and updated meta-analysis for the association between maternal diabetes and risk for congenital heart disease phenotypes. Am J Epidemiol 186:118–128CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hoang TT, Marengo LK, Mitchell LE et al (2017) Original findings and updated meta-analysis for the association between maternal diabetes and risk for congenital heart disease phenotypes. Am J Epidemiol 186:118–128CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu S, Joseph KS, Lisonkova S et al (2013) Association between maternal chronic conditions and congenital heart defects: A population-based cohort study. Circulation 128:583–589CrossRefPubMed Liu S, Joseph KS, Lisonkova S et al (2013) Association between maternal chronic conditions and congenital heart defects: A population-based cohort study. Circulation 128:583–589CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaefer-Graf UM, Buchanan TA, Xiang A et al (2000) Patterns of congenital anomalies and relationship to initial maternal fasting glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by type 2 and gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:313–320CrossRefPubMed Schaefer-Graf UM, Buchanan TA, Xiang A et al (2000) Patterns of congenital anomalies and relationship to initial maternal fasting glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by type 2 and gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182:313–320CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Simeone RM, Devine OJ, Marcinkevage JA et al (2015) Diabetes and congenital heart defects: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling project. Am J Prev Med 48:195–204CrossRefPubMed Simeone RM, Devine OJ, Marcinkevage JA et al (2015) Diabetes and congenital heart defects: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling project. Am J Prev Med 48:195–204CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Slot A, Eriksen NB, Ringholm L et al (2019) Congenital heart defects in offspring of women with Type 2 diabetes—a systematic review. Dan Med J 66:A5543PubMed Slot A, Eriksen NB, Ringholm L et al (2019) Congenital heart defects in offspring of women with Type 2 diabetes—a systematic review. Dan Med J 66:A5543PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Martínez-Frías ML, Rodríguez-Pinilla E, Bermejo E et al (2002) Epidemiological evidence that maternal diabetes does not appear to increase the risk for Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet 112:335–337CrossRefPubMed Martínez-Frías ML, Rodríguez-Pinilla E, Bermejo E et al (2002) Epidemiological evidence that maternal diabetes does not appear to increase the risk for Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet 112:335–337CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu Y, Liu B, Sun Y et al (2020) Association of maternal prepregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus with congenital anomalies of the newborn. Diabetes Care 43:2983–2990CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wu Y, Liu B, Sun Y et al (2020) Association of maternal prepregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus with congenital anomalies of the newborn. Diabetes Care 43:2983–2990CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Correa A, Botto L, Liu Y et al (2003) Do multivitamin supplements attenuate the risk for diabetes-associated birth defects? Pediatrics 111:1146–1151CrossRefPubMed Correa A, Botto L, Liu Y et al (2003) Do multivitamin supplements attenuate the risk for diabetes-associated birth defects? Pediatrics 111:1146–1151CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Li K, Yang C, Fan J et al (2022) Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and maternal prepartum inflammation in normal pregnancies: findings from a Chinese cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22:531CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li K, Yang C, Fan J et al (2022) Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and maternal prepartum inflammation in normal pregnancies: findings from a Chinese cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22:531CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Jovanovic L, Knopp RH, Kim H et al (2005) Elevated pregnancy losses at high and low extremes of maternal glucose in early normal and diabetic pregnancy: Evidence for a protective adaptation in diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:1113–1117CrossRefPubMed Jovanovic L, Knopp RH, Kim H et al (2005) Elevated pregnancy losses at high and low extremes of maternal glucose in early normal and diabetic pregnancy: Evidence for a protective adaptation in diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:1113–1117CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiang LJ, Wang Y, Lu G‑Y et al (2018) Association of the presence of microangiopathy with adverse pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 57:659–664CrossRefPubMed Xiang LJ, Wang Y, Lu G‑Y et al (2018) Association of the presence of microangiopathy with adverse pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 57:659–664CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Boulot P, Chabbert-Buffet N, d’Ercole C et al (2003) French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2990–2993CrossRefPubMed Boulot P, Chabbert-Buffet N, d’Ercole C et al (2003) French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2990–2993CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaudhry T, Ghani AM, Mehrali TH et al (2004) A comparison of foetal and labour outcomes in Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean women with diabetes in pregnancy. Int J Clin Pract 58:932–936CrossRefPubMed Chaudhry T, Ghani AM, Mehrali TH et al (2004) A comparison of foetal and labour outcomes in Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean women with diabetes in pregnancy. Int J Clin Pract 58:932–936CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Clausen TD, Mathiesen E, Ekbom P et al (2005) Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:323–328CrossRefPubMed Clausen TD, Mathiesen E, Ekbom P et al (2005) Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:323–328CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Cundy T, Gamble G, Townend K et al (2000) Perinatal mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 17:33–39CrossRefPubMed Cundy T, Gamble G, Townend K et al (2000) Perinatal mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 17:33–39CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Dunne F, Brydon P, Smith K et al (2003) Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: 12 years outcome data 1990–2002. Diabet Med 20:734–738CrossRefPubMed Dunne F, Brydon P, Smith K et al (2003) Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: 12 years outcome data 1990–2002. Diabet Med 20:734–738CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Poston L, Caleyachetty R, Cnattingius S et al (2016) Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:1025–1236CrossRefPubMed Poston L, Caleyachetty R, Cnattingius S et al (2016) Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:1025–1236CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat American Diabetes Association (2020) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care 43((Suppl. 01):S14–S31CrossRef American Diabetes Association (2020) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care 43((Suppl. 01):S14–S31CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Harreiter J, Simmons D, Desoye G et al (2016) IADPSG and WHO 2013 gestational diabetes mellitus criteria identify obese women with marked insulin resistance in early pregnancy. Diabetes Care 39:e90–e92CrossRefPubMed Harreiter J, Simmons D, Desoye G et al (2016) IADPSG and WHO 2013 gestational diabetes mellitus criteria identify obese women with marked insulin resistance in early pregnancy. Diabetes Care 39:e90–e92CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Ray JG, O’Brien TE, Chan WS (2001) Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Qjm 94:435–444CrossRefPubMed Ray JG, O’Brien TE, Chan WS (2001) Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Qjm 94:435–444CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Patterson A, Corcoy R, Rigla M et al (1997) Does preconceptional counselling in diabetic women influence perinatal outcome? Ann Ist Super Sanita 33:333–336PubMed Garcia-Patterson A, Corcoy R, Rigla M et al (1997) Does preconceptional counselling in diabetic women influence perinatal outcome? Ann Ist Super Sanita 33:333–336PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Willhoite MB, Bennert JRHW, Palomaki GE et al (1993) The impact of preconception counseling on pregnancy outcomes. The experience of the Maine Diabetes in Pregnancy Program. Diabetes Care 16:450–455CrossRefPubMed Willhoite MB, Bennert JRHW, Palomaki GE et al (1993) The impact of preconception counseling on pregnancy outcomes. The experience of the Maine Diabetes in Pregnancy Program. Diabetes Care 16:450–455CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat American Diabetes Association (2018) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 41((Suppl. 01):S137–S143CrossRef American Diabetes Association (2018) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 41((Suppl. 01):S137–S143CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Balsells M, Garcia-Patterson A, Sola I et al (2015) Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 350:h102CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Balsells M, Garcia-Patterson A, Sola I et al (2015) Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 350:h102CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Stürmer T et al (2015) Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with Glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 169:452–458CrossRefPubMed Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, Stürmer T et al (2015) Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with Glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 169:452–458CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2015) Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. NICE guideline (NG 3) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2015) Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. NICE guideline (NG 3)
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Ainuddin JA, Karim N, Zaheer S et al (2015) Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: An active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. J Diabetes Res: 325851 Ainuddin JA, Karim N, Zaheer S et al (2015) Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: An active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. J Diabetes Res: 325851
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowan JA, Rush EC, Obolonkin V et al (2011) Metformin in gestational diabetes: The offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes Care 34:2279–2284CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rowan JA, Rush EC, Obolonkin V et al (2011) Metformin in gestational diabetes: The offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes Care 34:2279–2284CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD et al (2018) Metformin in gestational diabetes: The offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7–9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 6:e456CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD et al (2018) Metformin in gestational diabetes: The offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7–9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 6:e456CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanem LGE, Stridsklev S, Juliusson PB et al (2018) Metformin use in PCOS pregnancies increases the risk of offspring overweight at 4 years of age: follow-up of two RCTs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:1612–1621CrossRefPubMed Hanem LGE, Stridsklev S, Juliusson PB et al (2018) Metformin use in PCOS pregnancies increases the risk of offspring overweight at 4 years of age: follow-up of two RCTs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:1612–1621CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE (2019) Neonatal, infant, and childhood growth following metformin versus insulin treatment for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 16:e1002848CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE, Ozanne SE (2019) Neonatal, infant, and childhood growth following metformin versus insulin treatment for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 16:e1002848CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Feig DS, Donovan LE, Zinman B et al (2020) Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): A multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:834–844CrossRefPubMed Feig DS, Donovan LE, Zinman B et al (2020) Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): A multicentre, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:834–844CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang R, Han S, Chen G‑C et al (2018) Effects of low-glycemic-index diets in pregnancy on maternal and newborn outcomes in pregnant women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 57:167–177CrossRefPubMed Zhang R, Han S, Chen G‑C et al (2018) Effects of low-glycemic-index diets in pregnancy on maternal and newborn outcomes in pregnant women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 57:167–177CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilbert C, Valois M, Koren G (2006) Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: A meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 86:658–663CrossRefPubMed Gilbert C, Valois M, Koren G (2006) Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: A meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 86:658–663CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Norgaard SK, Nichum VL, Barfred C et al (2017) Use of the smartphone application “Pregnant with Diabetes”. Dan Med J 64:A5417PubMed Norgaard SK, Nichum VL, Barfred C et al (2017) Use of the smartphone application “Pregnant with Diabetes”. Dan Med J 64:A5417PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumer I, Hadar E, Hadden DR et al (2013) Diabetes and pregnancy: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:4227–4249CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Blumer I, Hadar E, Hadden DR et al (2013) Diabetes and pregnancy: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:4227–4249CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
72.
Zurück zum Zitat American Diabetes Association (2020) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care 43((Suppl. 01):S183–S192CrossRef American Diabetes Association (2020) American Diabetes Association (ADA). 14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care 43((Suppl. 01):S183–S192CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Mackensen F, Paulus WE, Max R et al (2014) Ocular changes during pregnancy. Dtsch Arztebl Int 111:567–575 (quiz 576)PubMedPubMedCentral Mackensen F, Paulus WE, Max R et al (2014) Ocular changes during pregnancy. Dtsch Arztebl Int 111:567–575 (quiz 576)PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Diabetes und Schwangerschaft
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Michael Hummel
PD Dr. Martin Füchtenbusch
Wilgard Battefeld
Christoph Bührer
Tanja Groten
Thomas Haak
Franz Kainer
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
Andreas Lechner
Thomas Meissner
Christine Nagel-Reuper
Ute Schäfer-Graf
Thorsten Siegmund
Publikationsdatum
26.04.2024
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-024-01189-7

Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft

Kurz, prägnant und aktuell: Die Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft.