Background
Methods
Study design and settings
Participants
Index test
Target condition
Statistical analysis
Patient and hospital characteristics
Predictive accuracy
Additional analysis
Results
Study participants
Variables | Total (N = 754) |
---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |
Sex (Men) | 448 (59.4%) |
Age (years) | 75 [64–84] |
16–64 | 191 (25.3%) |
65–74 | 181 (24%) |
≥75 | 382 (50.7%) |
Pre-hospital information | |
Bystander witness | 208 (27.6%) |
Bystander CPR | 276 (36.6%) |
Shockable on initial rhythm | 62 (8.22%) |
Advanced airway | 375 (49.7%) |
In-hospital information | |
Body temperature | 30 [26.4–31.3] |
Measurement site | |
Rectal | 151 (20%) |
Bladder | 95 (12.6%) |
Tympanic | 49 (6.5%) |
Other/unknown | 459 (60.9%) |
Cardiac rhythm on hospital arrival | |
ROSC | 32 (4.24%) |
Shockable | 57 (7.56%) |
PEA | 128 (17%) |
Asystole | 537 (71.2%) |
ECMO implementation | 59 (7.82%) |
Before ROSC | 48 |
ROSC after hospital arrival | 157 (20.8%) |
Time course (min) | |
E-call to hospital arrival | 34 [29–43] |
E-call to blood test | 41 [35–52] |
E-call to ECMO | 70 [51.8–88] |
E-call to ROSC after arrival | 51 [40–85] |
Blood test on hospital arrival | |
pH | 6.8 [6.63–6.97] |
(Missing) | 50 (6.6%) |
Lactate (mg/dL) | 135 [90.9–180] |
(Missing) | 53 (7.0%) |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 6.6 [4.9–9.6] |
(Missing) | 383 (50.8%) |
Outcomes | |
Admission to ICU or ward | 152 (20.2%) |
Death in ER | 602 (79.8%) |
1-month survival | 44 (5.8%) |
1-month CPC1,2 | 24 (3.2%) |
Variables | Total (N = 754) |
---|---|
Hospital Information | |
Hospital | |
Tertiary center (56 hospitals) | 727 (96.3%) |
Non-tertiary center (10 hospitals) | 28 (3.7%) |
Number of beds | 678 [561–750] |
ECMO availability | |
Always | 634 (84%) |
Partial | 101 (13.4%) |
Unavailable | 20 (2.6%) |
Geographical information and season | |
Area | |
Northern area | 303 (40.1%) |
Eastern area | 267 (35.4%) |
Western area | 185 (24.5%) |
Southern area | 0 (0%) |
Season | |
Spring | 84 (11.1%) |
Summer | 175 (23.2%) |
Autumn | 147 (19.5%) |
Winter | 348 (46.2%) |
Predictive accuracy
Cutoff (mg/dL) | Se | Sp | TP | TN | FP | FN | LR+ | LR- | PPV | NPV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 0.30 | 0.93 | 13 | 612 | 45 | 31 | 4.3 | 0.76 | 0.22 | 0.95 |
60 | 0.45 | 0.89 | 20 | 582 | 75 | 24 | 4.0 | 0.62 | 0.21 | 0.96 |
80 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 27 | 540 | 117 | 17 | 3.4 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.97 |
100 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 35 | 484 | 173 | 9 | 3.0 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.98 |
120 | 0.91 | 0.64 | 40 | 419 | 238 | 4 | 2.5 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.99 |
140 | 0.98 | 0.51 | 43 | 334 | 323 | 1 | 2.0 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 1.00 |
Cutoff | Se | Sp | TP | TN | FP | FN | LR+ | LR- | PPV | NPV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.3 | 0.14 | 0.97 | 6 | 640 | 20 | 38 | 4.5 | 0.89 | 0.23 | 0.94 |
7.2 | 0.20 | 0.95 | 9 | 625 | 35 | 35 | 3.9 | 0.84 | 0.20 | 0.95 |
7.1 | 0.43 | 0.89 | 19 | 589 | 71 | 25 | 4.0 | 0.64 | 0.21 | 0.96 |
7.0 | 0.68 | 0.81 | 30 | 537 | 123 | 14 | 3.7 | 0.39 | 0.20 | 0.97 |
6.9 | 0.91 | 0.70 | 40 | 464 | 196 | 4 | 3.1 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.99 |
6.8 | 0.95 | 0.53 | 42 | 349 | 311 | 2 | 2.0 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.99 |
6.7 | 0.98 | 0.35 | 43 | 229 | 431 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 1.00 |