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Erschienen in: Herz 6/2015

01.09.2015 | Schwerpunkt

Progression und Regression atherosklerotischer Plaques

Neue Erkenntnisse auf dem Boden des intravaskulären Ultraschalls

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Raimund Erbel, FAHA, FESC, FASE, FACC

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 6/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Der intravaskuläre Ultraschall (IVUS) hat sich zur Standardmethodik entwickelt, um bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen Änderungen eines Atheroms oder Fibroatheroms zu erfassen. Neben der Lumenfläche werden auch die Gefäßfläche und als Differenz die Plaque-Fläche in Querschnittsbildern erfasst und in vorbestimmten Gefäßsegmenten über Rückzugsalgorithmen in der 3-D-Rekonstruktion auf Volumina umgerechnet. Untersuchungen im natürlichen Verlauf zeigen, dass überwiegend eine Progression der Atherosklerose nachweisbar ist. Nur bei Unterschreiten der kritischen LDL („low density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterin-Größe von 75 mg/dl ist auch mit einer Regression der Atherome und Fibroatherome zu rechnen. Prospektive, randomisierte Studien mit hoch wirksamen Statinen haben ergeben, dass bis zu zwei Drittel der Patienten eine Regression aufweisen, wenn ein „Cut-off“-Wert von 78 mg/dl unterschritten wird, der damit sehr nahe am Schwellenwert liegt, welcher auf dem Boden natürlicher Verlaufsuntersuchungen berechnet wurde. Während die Absolutwerte für die Veränderungen innerhalb von 1 bis 2 Jahren etwa 1 % betragen, ist zu berücksichtigen, dass es sich um eine chronische Erkrankung handelt und dass sich, umgerechnet auf 10, 20 oder mehr Jahre, aus einer Änderung von 1 % pro Jahr ein enormer Einfluss auf die atherosklerotische Entwicklung der koronaren Gefäße ergibt. Der große Erfolg der Statine in Bezug auf die Reduktion kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse liegt auch in der Möglichkeit der Reduktion der Progression und der Induktion einer Regression. Neu entwickelte Medikamente werden an der Wirkung der Statine gemessen werden.
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Zurück zum Zitat Puri R, Nissen SE, Shao M, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Chapman MJ, Erbel R, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Uno K, Kataoka Y, Nicholls SJ (2014) Sex-related differences of coronary atherosclerosis regression following maximally intensive statin therapy: insights from SATURN. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 7:1013–1022 Puri R, Nissen SE, Shao M, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Chapman MJ, Erbel R, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Uno K, Kataoka Y, Nicholls SJ (2014) Sex-related differences of coronary atherosclerosis regression following maximally intensive statin therapy: insights from SATURN. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 7:1013–1022
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Puri R, Nissen SE, Shao M, Uno K, Kataoka Y, Kapadia SR, Tuzcu EM, Nicholls SJ (2014) Impact of baseline lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels on coronary atheroma regression following high-intensity statin therapy. Am J Cardiol 114:1465–1472 Puri R, Nissen SE, Shao M, Uno K, Kataoka Y, Kapadia SR, Tuzcu EM, Nicholls SJ (2014) Impact of baseline lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels on coronary atheroma regression following high-intensity statin therapy. Am J Cardiol 114:1465–1472
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kataoka Y, St John J, Wolski K, Uno K, Puri R, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ (2015) Atheroma progression in hyporesponders to statin therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35:990–995 Kataoka Y, St John J, Wolski K, Uno K, Puri R, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ (2015) Atheroma progression in hyporesponders to statin therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35:990–995
Metadaten
Titel
Progression und Regression atherosklerotischer Plaques
Neue Erkenntnisse auf dem Boden des intravaskulären Ultraschalls
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Raimund Erbel, FAHA, FESC, FASE, FACC
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Urban & Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 6/2015
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4339-7

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