Background
Methods
Aim
Study design
Study population
Histological classification
Clinical data
Renal survival
Statistical analysis
Results
Analysis of baseline data
Overall | |
---|---|
Number of patients | 296 |
Age (year) (mean (S.D.)) | 31.93 (10.51) |
Gender = male, n (%) | 42 (14.2) |
ISN/RPS class, n (%) | |
Class I | 1 (0.3) |
Class II | 6 (2.0) |
Class III | 82 (27.7) |
Class IV | 160 (54.1) |
Class V | 47 (15.9) |
Follow-up month (median [IQR]) | 47 [23.75, 83] |
Composite events, n (%) | 54 (18.2) |
Comparison of baseline data between groups
Non-crescent | Crescent | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 146 | 150 | |
Gender = male, n (%) | 19 (13.0) | 23 (15.3) | 0.619 |
Age (year) (mean (S.D.)) | 31.93 (10.16) | 31.93 (10.86) | 0.997 |
BMI (mean (S.D.)) | 21.69 (2.93) | 21.95 (2.86) | 0.429 |
MBP (mmHg) (mean (S.D.)) | 97.98 (17.01) | 105.38 (16.15) | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) (median [IQR]) | 52.38 [46.21, 63.75] | 69.09 [55.62, 90.63] | < 0.001 |
eGFR (median [IQR]) | 122.88 [111.63, 131.53] | 105.91 [76.42, 125.30] | < 0.001 |
Serum albumin (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 28.30 [23.13, 33.74] | 25.43 [21.94, 28.81] | 0.001 |
WBC count (10^9/L) (median [IQR]) | 6.80 [5.12, 8.86] | 7.87 [6.16, 9.67] | 0.019 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 110.02 [96.38, 121.15] | 98.70 [84.72, 111.08] | < 0.001 |
Platelet (10^9/L) (median [IQR]) | 183.50 [159.33, 233.25] | 181.50 [142.00, 226.67] | 0.413 |
Proteinuria (g/24-h) (median [IQR]) | 2.08 [0.96, 4.10] | 3.52 [2.02, 5.91] | < 0.001 |
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/μmol) (median [IQR]) | 0.22 [0.11, 0.44] | 0.40 [0.22, 0.61] | < 0.001 |
Urine WBC (/HP) (median [IQR]) | 2.08 [1.12, 5.50] | 6.51 [3.60, 11.35] | < 0.001 |
Urine RBC (/HP) (median [IQR]) | 24.83 [8.22, 38.20] | 37.90 [19.60, 72.14] | < 0.001 |
C3 (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 0.48 [0.36, 0.69] | 0.43 [0.35, 0.54] | 0.007 |
C4 (g/L) (median [IQR]) | 0.10 [0.05, 0.14] | 0.07 [0.05, 0.11] | 0.015 |
Positive ANA, n (%) | 91 (62.3) | 109 (72.7) | 0.063 |
Positive anti-cardiolipin, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.0) | 0.623 |
Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%) | 51 (34.9) | 88 (58.7) | < 0.001 |
Positive anti-Ro52, n (%) | 17 (11.6) | 30 (20.0) | 0.057 |
Positive anti-Sm, n (%) | 33 (22.6) | 38 (25.3) | 0.590 |
Positive anti-ssA, n (%) | 79 (54.1) | 80 (53.3) | 0.908 |
Positive anti-ssB, n (%) | 28 (19.2) | 22 (14.7) | 0.353 |
Positive anti-u1RNP, n (%) | 53 (36.3) | 62 (41.3) | 0.405 |
Lupus anticoagulant ratio (median [IQR]) | 1.10 [0.99, 1.25] | 1.00 [0.84, 1.15] | < 0.001 |
SLEDAI(median [IQR]) | 16.00 [11.00, 19.00] | 18.00 [15.00, 22.00] | < 0.001 |
Follow-up month (median [IQR]) | 57.00 [30.50, 96.50] | 38.50 [19.00, 66.75] | < 0.001 |
Comparison of therapeutic regimen and clinical outcome between groups
Interaction between crescents and clinical parameters and its effects on LN
Crescent | P value | P value for interactionb | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-crescent | Crescenta | |||
Proteinuria | ||||
< 3.5 g/24 h | 1 | 2.68(1.64–4.38) | < 0.001 | 0.006 |
≥ 3.5 g/24 h | 1 | 0.77(0.39–1.52) | 0.452 |
Risk factors influencing the prognosis of LN patients
Factors | Univariate | ||
---|---|---|---|
Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | P value | |
Gender = male | 1.46 | 0.65–3.24 | 0.356 |
Age (year) | 1.02 | 1–1.05 | 0.078 |
BMI | 1.03 | 0.94–1.13 | 0.550 |
MBP (mmHg) | 1.02 | 1–1.03 | 0.035 |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 1 | 1–1.01 | 0.224 |
eGFR | 0.99 | 0.98–1 | 0.062 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 1 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.874 |
WBC count (10^9/L) | 1.02 | 0.93–1.11 | 0.679 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 0.99 | 0.98–1 | 0.191 |
Platelet (10^9/L) | 1 | 1–1 | 0.722 |
Proteinuria (g/24 h) | 1.02 | 0.93–1.13 | 0.664 |
Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/μmol) | 1.41 | 0.81–2.46 | 0.229 |
Urine WBC (/HP) | 1.02 | 1–1.04 | 0.087 |
Urine RBC (/HP) | 1 | 1–1 | 0.951 |
C3 (g/L) | 0.82 | 0.25–2.7 | 0.739 |
C4 (g/L) | 0.14 | 0–9.59 | 0.358 |
Positive ANA | 2.24 | 1.41–3.55 | < 0.001 |
Positive anti-dsDNA | 2.06 | 1.39–3.05 | < 0.001 |
SLEDAI | 1.03 | 1–1.07 | 0.082 |
Modified NIH index | |||
AI | 1.07 | 1.01–1.15 | 0.034 |
CI | 1.22 | 1.1–1.34 | < 0.001 |
Crescent | |||
Non-crescent | refer | ||
Crescent | 1.74 | 1.18–2.57 | 0.006 |
Treatment | |||
Steroid dosage (g) | 1.04 | 1.02–1.07 | 0.001 |
Proportion of pulse (g) | 1.29 | 0.51–3.24 | 0.587 |
Pulse dosage (g) | 0.95 | 0.47–1.92 | 0.878 |
CTX dosage (g) | 1.05 | 0.97–1.14 | 0.229 |
Factors | 95% confidence interval | P value |
---|---|---|
Proteinuria (g/24-h) | 0.95–1.25 | 0.233 |
Positive anti-dsDNA | 1.36–4.37 | 0.003 |
CI | 1.07–1.33 | 0.001 |
Crescent | ||
Non-crescent | refer | |
Crescent | 1.72–10.68 | 0.002 |
Interaction item | ||
Non-crescent: proteinuria | refer | |
Crescent: proteinuria | 0.63–0.95 | 0.015 |