Background
Methods
The experts
The Delphi method
Objectives for each round of the Delphi process
Round I
Round II
Round III
Round IV
Round V
Results
The experts
Round I
Data variable number | Main data variable name | Type of data | Data variable categories or values | Data variable sub-categories or values | Type | Definition of data variable | How often should variable be reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Fixed system variables | |||||||
1.1. | Specialty of physicians | Categorical | 1.1.1 Anaesthesiology | Check box | Specialty of physicians working in the service on a regular basis | Annual | |
1.1.2 Emergency medicine | |||||||
1.1.3 Intensive care | |||||||
1.1.4 Surgery | |||||||
1.1.5 Internal medicine | |||||||
1.1.6 Other | |||||||
1.2. | Training level of physicians | Categorical | 1.2.1 Trainee/registrar | Check box | Annual | ||
1.2.2 Specialist | |||||||
1.3. | Composition of team | Categorical | 1.3.1 Nurse | Check box | Qualification of non-p-EMS personnel accompanying the physician during mission | Annual | |
1.3.2. Paramedic | As defined by each national service | ||||||
1.3.3. EMS-technician | As defined by each national service | ||||||
1.3.4. Other | |||||||
1.4. | Catchment population | Continuous | Number | Number of citizens in the area covered by the service on a regular basis | Annual | ||
1.5. | Catchment area | Continuous | 1.5.1. Square km | Number | Area in which the service is planned to operate on a regular basis, square km | Annual | |
Categorical | 1.5.2. Type | 1.5.2.1. Urban | Check box | Type of area where service operate on a regular basis (as defined by each service) | |||
1.5.2.2. Rural | |||||||
1.6. | Does the service conduct primary missions? | Categorical | 1.6.1. Yes | Bullet list | On-scene missions | Annual | |
1.6.2. No | |||||||
1.7. | Does the service conduct inter-hospital transfer missions? | Categorical | 1.7.1. Yes | Bullet list | Patient transfers between different hospitals or facilities | Annual | |
1.7.2. No | |||||||
1.8. | Number of consultations only (advice) per year | Continuous | Number | Physician is consulted by EMS or other professionals (give advice) | Annual | ||
1.9. | Number of primary missions per year | Continuous | Number | Missions where physician is on-scene. Total number for the service | Annual | ||
1.10. | Number of inter-hospital transfer missions per year | Continuous | Number | Inter-hospital or interfacility transfer. Total number for the service | Annual | ||
1.11. | Number of cancelled missions per year | Continuous | Number | Any mission where p-EMS is alarmed but not able to respond or must interrupt mission | Annual | ||
1.12. | Number of events per year per physician | Continuous | Number | The average number of missions per individual physician per year | Annual | ||
1.13. | Number of events for p-EMS unit/100,000 inhabitants per year | Continuous | Number | Annual | |||
1.14. | Number of EMS events/100,000 inhabitants per year | Continuous | Number | Number of events for the whole EMS system, including p-EMS | Annual | ||
1.15. | Number of p-EMS units/ 100,000 inhabitants | Continuous | Number | Annual | |||
1.16. | Number of p-EMS units/km2 | Continuous | Number | Area in which the service operates on a regular basis | Annual | ||
1.17. | Available vehicles in service | Categorical | Check box | Available vehicles on a regular basis for p-EMS | Annual | ||
1.17.1. Rapid response car | Regular car, no stretcher | ||||||
1.17.2. Regular ambulance staffed with physician | Car with stretcher. Physician is attending on a regular basis | ||||||
1.17.3. Rotor Wing | |||||||
1.17.4. Fixed Wing | |||||||
1.17.5. Boat staffed with physician | Physician is attending on a regular basis | ||||||
1.17.6. Other | |||||||
1.18. | Operating hours | Categorical | 1.18.1. Daytime | Bullet list | Regular working hours, e.g., 08–16, as defined by each service | Annual | |
1.18.2. Daylight only | Service operates only in daylight (different opening hours during the year due to seasonal variations). Daylight as defined by each service | ||||||
1.18.3. 24/7 (full-time service) | Service operates during the day and night | ||||||
1.18.4. Other | |||||||
1.19. | Activation criteria | Categorical | 1.19.1. Criteria based | Check box | P-EMS activated in accordance with a pre-defined set of activation criteria used by EMCC | Annual | |
1.19.2. Consultation with physician | Physician-staffed unit activated only after consultation with an on-call physician | ||||||
1.19.3. Individual | No predefined criteria for activation of p-EMS | ||||||
1.20. | Dispatch system | Categorical | 1.20.1. Integrated EMCC | Check box | Integrated EMCC includes dispatch centres coordinating all levels of pre-hospital services | Annual | |
1.20.2. Special EMCC | Special EMCC includes centres only responsible for p-EMS units | ||||||
1.20.3. Other | |||||||
1.21. | Advanced equipment carried by service | Categorical | 1.21.1. Blood products | Check box | Advanced equipment available on a regular basis to service | Annual | |
1.21.2. Mechanical chest compression device | |||||||
1.21.3. Ultrasound | |||||||
1.21.4. Advanced drugs | Drugs not available to regular EMS in the individual system | ||||||
1.21.5. Additional airway management equipment (e.g., videoscope) | Airway management equipment beyond the scope of regular EMS | ||||||
1.21.6. Surgical procedures supported | Service carries equipment for predefined surgical procedures | ||||||
1.22. | Does a system for registration and reviewing of adverse events, critical incidents and educational events in the service exist? | Categorical | 1.22.1. Yes | Bullet list | Annual | ||
1.22.2 No | |||||||
1.23. | Categorization of events/case mix | Categorical | 1.23.1. Cardiac arrest medical aetiology | Check box | Mission types the service responds to | Annual | |
1.23.2. Cardiac arrest traumatic aetiology | |||||||
1.23.3. Trauma | |||||||
1.23.4. Breathing difficulties | |||||||
1.23.5. Myocardial infarction (MI) | Confirmed by ECG | ||||||
1.23.6. Chest pain, MI not confirmed | |||||||
1.23.7. Stroke | |||||||
1.23.8. Acute neurology excluding stroke | |||||||
1.23.9. Reduced level of consciousness | |||||||
1.23.10. Poisoning/Intoxication | |||||||
1.23.11. Burns | |||||||
1.23.12. Obstetrics and childbirth | |||||||
1.23.13. Infection | |||||||
1.23.14. Anaphylaxis | |||||||
1.23.15. Surgical | |||||||
1.23.16. Asphyxiation | |||||||
1.23.17. Drowning | |||||||
1.23.18. Psychiatry excluding poisoning/intoxication | |||||||
1.23.19. All of the above | Service responds to all types of events | ||||||
1.23.20. Other | |||||||
1.24. | Number of intubations successful on first attempt and without desaturation (DASH1a intubations) /100 intubations | Continuous | Number | Annual | |||
1.25. | Number of patients where blood glucose was measured after ROSC/100 ROSC | Continuous | Number | Annual |
Round II
Round III
Data variable number | Main data variable name | Type of data | Data variable categories or values | Data variable sub-categories or values | Type | Definition of data variable | How often should variable be reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2. Event operational descriptors | |||||||
2.1. | Time points | Continuous | For each mission | ||||
2.1.1. Call received at EMCC | hh:mm | When the alarm call is answered at the initial EMCC | |||||
2.1.2. Time of system activation (dispatch time) | hh:mm | When EMCC dispatch p-EMS | |||||
2.1.3. Unit en route/take-off time | hh:mm | When vehicle starts to move (car or rotor wing/fixed wing) | |||||
2.1.4. Unit arrival on scene | hh:mm | When vehicle stops at a location as close as possible to the patient | |||||
2.1.5. Time of first physician contact with patient | hh:mm | When pre-hospital physician arrives at patient site | |||||
2.1.6. Time when patient leaves scene | hh:mm | When patient is transferred from the original location or time of death if dead on scene | |||||
2.1.7. Time when patient arrives at hospital (or alternative site if not delivered to hospital) | hh:mm | When the patient is formally transferred to receiving medical facility personnel | |||||
2.2. | Date of event | Continuous | dd.mm.yyyy | The date the unit was dispatched | For each mission | ||
2.3. | Type of mission/dispatch | Categorical | Check box | For each mission | |||
2.3.1. Primary medical mission | Includes all primary missions other than trauma (medical, surgical, paediatric, obstetric) | ||||||
2.3.2. Primary trauma mission | Includes all primary trauma missions | ||||||
2.3.3. Inter-hospital transfer mission | Inter-hospital or inter-facility mission | ||||||
2.3.4. SAR mission | |||||||
2.3.5. Major incident response | |||||||
2.3.6. Contingency | |||||||
2.3.7. Rendezvous with ambulance | |||||||
2.3.8. Consultation | |||||||
2.3.9. Single patient | Only one patient treated by p-EMS during the mission | ||||||
2.3.10. Multiple patients | More than one patient treated by p-EMS during the mission | ||||||
2.3.11. Other | |||||||
2.4. | Dispatch criteria | Categorical | Check box | Medical reason for dispatch | For each mission | ||
2.4.1. Medical | |||||||
2.4.2. Trauma | |||||||
2.4.3. Neurologic | |||||||
2.4.4. Obstetric | |||||||
2.4.5. Burn | |||||||
2.4.6. Other | |||||||
2.5. | Activation type | Categorical | Bullet list | For each mission | |||
2.5.1. Primary mission | |||||||
2.5.1.1. Initiated by dispatch centre | |||||||
2.5.1.2. Requested dispatch from other units | |||||||
2.5.1.3. Other | |||||||
Categorical | 2.5.2. Inter-hospital transfer mission | ||||||
2.5.2.1. Physician-staffed unit used because of level of treatment during transport | |||||||
2.5.2.2. Physician-staffed unit used because of speed of transport | |||||||
2.5.2.3. Both above | |||||||
2.5.2.4. Other | |||||||
2.6. | Mode of transportation to scene | Categorical | Bullet list | Main type of vehicle used to get p-EMS to the scene | For each mission | ||
2.6.1. Rapid response car | Regular car, no stretcher | ||||||
2.6.2. Regular ambulance | Car with stretcher | ||||||
2.6.3. Rotor Wing | |||||||
2.6.4. Fixed Wing | |||||||
2.6.5. Boat staffed with physician | |||||||
2.6.6. Other | |||||||
2.7. | Mode of transportation from scene | Categorical | Bullet list | Main type of vehicle used to transport the patient to definitive care | For each mission | ||
2.7.1. Rapid response car | |||||||
2.7.2. Regular ambulance staffed with physician | Physician is part of the ambulance crew on a regular basis | ||||||
2.7.3. Regular ambulance with physician attending | Ambulance crew normally without a physician, physician is attending because of patient need | ||||||
2.7.4. Patient transported in ambulance without physician | |||||||
2.7.5. Rotor wing | |||||||
2.7.6. Fixed wing | |||||||
2.7.7. Boat staffed with physician | |||||||
2.7.8. Patient not transported due to no indication | |||||||
2.7.9. Patient not transported due to patient refusal | |||||||
2.7.10. Patient dead and not transported | |||||||
2.7.11. Other | |||||||
2.8. | Result of dispatch | Bullet list | Dispatch means unit alarmed for mission or request/advice/supervision | For each mission | |||
Categorical | 2.8.1. Patient attended | P-EMS attended the patient | |||||
2.8.1.1. Transported with physician escort | |||||||
2.8.1.2. Transported without physician escort | |||||||
2.8.1.3. Discharged on-scene | Patient not transported | ||||||
2.8.1.4. Pronounced dead on scene | |||||||
Categorical | 2.8.2. Patient not attended | P-EMS did not attend the patient. The main reason why mission is aborted or refused | For each mission | ||||
2.8.2.1. Weather | |||||||
2.8.2.2. Technical reasons | |||||||
2.8.2.3. Other mission (concurrency) | |||||||
2.8.2.4. Alternative tasking | |||||||
2.8.2.5. Mission refused due to duty time limitations | |||||||
2.8.2.6. Fatigue | |||||||
2.8.2.7. Not needed | |||||||
2.8.2.8. No time benefit | |||||||
2.8.2.9. Patient has left scene (before arrival of unit) | |||||||
2.8.2.10. Mission taken over by another p-EMS | |||||||
2.9. | Trauma mechanism | Categorical | Bullet list | The Utstein Trauma template. The mechanism (or external factor) that caused the injury event | For each mission | ||
2.9.1. Not trauma | |||||||
2.9.2. Blunt trauma | |||||||
2.9.2.1. Traffic - motor vehicle injury | Car, pickup, truck, van, heavy transport vehicle, bus | ||||||
2.9.2.2. Traffic - motorbike | |||||||
2.9.2.3. Traffic - bicycle | |||||||
2.9.2.4. Traffic - pedestrian | |||||||
2.9.2.5. Traffic - other | Ship, airplane, railway train | ||||||
2.9.2.6. Fall from same level | Low energy fall. From the persons height or less | ||||||
2.9.2.7. Fall from higher level | High energy fall. From more than the persons height | ||||||
2.9.2.8. Struck or hit by blunt object | Tree, tree branch, bar, stone, human body part, metal, other | ||||||
2.9.2.9. Explosives | Blast injuries | ||||||
2.9.2.10 Other | |||||||
2.9.2.11. Unknown | |||||||
2.9.3. Penetrating trauma | |||||||
2.9.3.1. Stabbed by pointed or sharp object | Knife, sword, dagger or other | ||||||
2.9.3.2. Gun | By handgun, shotgun, rifle, or another firearm of any dimension | ||||||
2.9.3.3. Other | |||||||
2.9.4. Unknown | Unknown trauma mechanism | ||||||
2.10. | Specialty of the attending physician | Categorical | Check box | The pre-hospital physician attending patient on scene | For each mission | ||
2.10.1. Anaesthesiology | |||||||
2.10.2. Emergency medicine | |||||||
2.10.3. Intensive care | |||||||
2.10.4. Surgery | |||||||
2.10.5. Internal medicine | |||||||
2.10.6. Other | |||||||
2.11. | NACA score | Categorical | Bullet list | NACA 0–7 | For each mission | ||
2.11.1. NACA 0 | |||||||
2.11.2. NACA 1 | |||||||
2.11.3. NACA 2 | |||||||
2.11.4. NACA 3 | |||||||
2.11.5. NACA 4 | |||||||
2.11.6. NACA 5 | |||||||
2.11.7. NACA 6 | |||||||
2.11.8. NACA 7 | |||||||
2.11.9. NACA score unknown | |||||||
2.12. | Where patient is delivered | Categorical | Bullet list | Where physician-staffed unit delivers patient | For each mission | ||
2.12.1. Major Trauma Centre/Definitive care centre | Hospital where all definitive treatment is available (to the particular patient) | ||||||
2.12.2. Local hospital | Hospital where all definitive treatment is not available (to the particular patient) | ||||||
2.12.3. Other health care facility | Facility not defined as hospital |
Data variable number | Main data variable name | Type of data | Data variable categories or values | Data variable sub-categories or values | Type | Definition of data variable | How often should variable be reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3. Patient descriptors | |||||||
3.1. | Age | Continuous | Number | Patient age at the time of event | For each mission | ||
3.2. | Gender | Categorical | 3.2.1 Female | Bullet list | Patient gender | For each mission | |
3.2.2 Male | |||||||
3.2.3 Unknown | |||||||
3.3. | Pre-event comorbidity | Ordinal | Bullet list | Pre-event ASA-PS. The comorbidity existing before event. Derangements from present disease should not be considered | For each mission | ||
3.3.1 ASA-PS 1 | A normal healthy patient | ||||||
3.3.2 ASA-PS 2 | A patient with mild systemic disease | ||||||
3.3.3 ASA-PS 3 | A patient with severe systemic disease | ||||||
3.3.4 ASA-PS 4 | A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life | ||||||
3.3.5 ASA-PS 5 | A moribund patient who is not expected to survive without operation | ||||||
3.3.6 ASA-PS 6 | A declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donor purposes | ||||||
3.3.7 ASA Unknown | |||||||
3.4. | Chronic medications | Categorical | 3.4.1 Yes | Bullet list | Does patient use medication on a regular basis? | For each mission | |
3.4.2 No | |||||||
3.4.3 Unknown | |||||||
3.5. | Medical problem | Categorical | Bullet list | The condition most likely to be the patient’s true medical problem, main clinical symptom or diagnosis, decided by attending p-EMS | For each mission | ||
3.5.1 Cardiac arrest medical aetiology | |||||||
3.5.2 Cardiac arrest traumatic aetiology | |||||||
3.5.3 Trauma | |||||||
3.5.4 Breathing difficulties | |||||||
3.5.5 Myocardial infarction (MI) | Confirmed by ECG | ||||||
3.5.6 Chest pain, MI not confirmed | |||||||
3.5.7 Stroke | |||||||
3.5.8 Acute neurology excluding stroke | |||||||
3.5.9. Reduced level of consciousness | Aetiology unknown | ||||||
3.5.10 Poisoning/Intoxication | |||||||
3.5.11 Burns | |||||||
3.5.12 Obstetrics and childbirth | |||||||
3.5.13 Infection | |||||||
3.5.14 Anaphylaxis | |||||||
3.5.15 Surgical | |||||||
3.5.16 Asphyxiation | |||||||
3.5.17 Drowning | |||||||
3.5.18 Psychiatry excluding poisoning/intoxication | |||||||
3.5.19 Other | |||||||
3.6. | Glasgow Coma Scale | Ordinal | 3.6.1 First | Number | First recorded pre-interventional GCS upon arrival of p-EMS | For each mission | |
3.6.2 Last | GCS at end of patient care or patient handover | ||||||
3.6.3 Not recorded | |||||||
Categorical | 3.6.4 Patient intubated | 3.6.4.1 Yes | Bullet list | ||||
3.6.4.2 No | |||||||
3.7. | Heart rate | Continuous | Number | Documented by ECG (1st choice), palpation or SpO2 curves (3rd choice) | |||
3.7.1 First | First heart rate per minute measured by p-EMS upon arrival | ||||||
3.7.2 Last | Heart rate per minute at end of care or patient handover | ||||||
3.7.3 Not recorded | |||||||
3.8. | Systolic blood pressure | Continuous | 3.8.1 Lowest | Number | Lowest recorded systolic blood pressure measured by p-EMS (sphygmomanometer, monitor or intra-arterial line) upon arrival | ||
3.8.2 First | First recorded systolic blood pressure measured by p-EMS (sphygmomanometer, monitor or intra-arterial line) upon arrival | ||||||
3.8.3 Last | Systolic blood pressure at end of care or patient handover | ||||||
3.8.4 Not recordable | Not possible to record despite several attempts | ||||||
3.8.5 Not recorded | |||||||
3.9. | Cardiac rhythm/ECG rhythm | Categorical | 3.9.1 First | 3.9.1.1 Sinus rhythm | Bullet list | First cardiac rhythm interpreted by p-EMS (minimum 3-channel lead). At primary survey/upon arrival | For each mission |
3.9.1.2. SVES, VESmono | |||||||
3.9.1.3 AF/AFL/AV-block gr II/III, VESpoly | |||||||
3.9.1.4 VF, VT, Asystole, PEA | |||||||
3.9.1.5 Not recorded | |||||||
3.9.2 Last | 3.9.2.1 Sinus rhythm | Cardiac rhythm at end of care or patient handover (minimum 3-channel lead) | |||||
3.9.2.2 SVES, VESmono | |||||||
3.9.2.3 AF/AFL/AV-block gr II/III, VESpoly | |||||||
3.9.2.4 VF, VT, Asystole, PEA | |||||||
3.9.2.5 Not recorded | |||||||
3.10. | SpO2 | Continuous | 3.10.1 Lowest | Number | Lowest recorded oxygen saturation by p-EMS (measured with pulse oximeter or arterial blood gas (SaO2)) | For each mission | |
3.10.2 First | First recorded oxygen saturation by p-EMS (measured with pulse oximeter or arterial blood gas (SaO2) upon arrival) | ||||||
3.10.3 Last | Oxygen saturation at end of care or patient handover | ||||||
3.10.4 Not recordable | Not possible to record despite several attempts | ||||||
3.10.5 Not recorded | |||||||
3.11. | Oxygen supplementation | Categorical | 3.11.1 Oxygen supplementation at first measurement of SpO2 | 3.11.1.1 Yes | Bullet list | First measurement by p-EMS | For each mission |
3.11.1.2 No | |||||||
3.11.2 Oxygen supplementation at last measurement of SpO2 | 3.11.2.1 Yes | Last measurement by p-EMS | |||||
3.11.2.2 No | |||||||
3.12. | Respiratory rate | Continuous | 3.12.1 First | Number | First respiratory rate per minute measured by p-EMS upon arrival. If mechanically ventilated; document ventilation rate | For each mission | |
3.12.2 Last | Respiratory rate at end of care or patient handover | ||||||
3.12.3 Not recorded | |||||||
3.13. | Pain | Categorical | 3.13.1 First VAS score | Number | First VAS score assessed by p-EMS upon arrival | For each mission | |
3.13.2 Last VAS score | VAS score at end of care or patient handover | ||||||
3.13.3 Not recorded | |||||||
3.14. | End-tidal CO2 | Continuous | 3.14.1 First | Number | First end-tidal CO2 measured by p-EMS | For each mission | |
3.14.2 Last | Last end-tidal CO2 measured by p-EMS | ||||||
3.14.3 Not recorded | |||||||
3.15. | Temperature (core) | Continuous | 3.15.1 First | Number | First core temperature measured by p-EMS upon arrival | For each mission | |
3.15.2 Last | Last core temperature measured by p-EMS | ||||||
3.15.3 Not recorded | |||||||
3.16 | Airway at primary survey | Categorical | 3.16.1 Clear | Bullet list | As rated by attending physician | For each mission | |
3.16.2 Threatened | |||||||
3.16.3 Obstructed | |||||||
3.16.4 Unknown |
Data variable number | Main data variable name | Type of data | Data variable categories or values | Data variable sub-categories or values | Type | Definition of data variable | How often should variable be reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4. Process mapping | |||||||
4.1. | Diagnosis and monitoring procedures | Categorical | 4.1.1 Blood pressure | 4.1.1.1 Non-invasive | Check box | Monitoring used and procedures performed by p-EMS | For each mission |
4.1.1.2 Invasive | |||||||
4.1.1.3. Other | |||||||
4.1.2. SpO2 | |||||||
4.1.3. EtCO2 | Capnometry or capnography used | ||||||
4.1.4. Temperature (core) | Temperature measured during mission | ||||||
4.1.5. ECG | 4.1.5.1. Monitoring (3 or 4-lead or pads) | ||||||
4.1.5.2. Analysis (12-lead) | |||||||
4.1.6. Ultrasound/Doppler | 4.1.6.1. FAST | By p-EMS | |||||
4.1.6.2. Lung for pneumothorax | By p-EMS | ||||||
4.1.7. Point of care (POC) blood gas analysis | By p-EMS | ||||||
4.1.8. Other POC testing | By p-EMS | ||||||
4.1.9. POC lab test | By p-EMS | ||||||
4.1.10. Blood glucose | By p-EMS | ||||||
4.1.11. Other | |||||||
4.1.12. None | |||||||
4.2. | Drugs used to facilitate airway management | Categorical | 4.2.1. Sedatives | Check box | By p-EMS | For each mission | |
4.2.2. NMBA | |||||||
4.2.3. Analgesics | |||||||
4.2.4. Local/topic anaesthetics | |||||||
4.2.5. Other | |||||||
4.2.6. None | |||||||
4.3. | Airway management | Categorical | 4.3.1. Oxygen | Check box | Device or procedures used for successful airway management | For each mission | |
4.3.2. Manual | Chin-lift, jaw thrust, recovery position | ||||||
4.3.3. Bag Mask Ventilation | |||||||
4.3.4. Nasopharyngeal device | |||||||
4.3.5. Oropharyngeal device | |||||||
4.3.6. SAD 1. generation | Laryngeal mask with no mechanism for protection against aspiration | ||||||
4.3.7. SAD 2. generation | Laryngeal mask with any aspiration protection mechanism | ||||||
4.3.8. Oral ETI | |||||||
4.3.9. Nasal ETI | |||||||
4.3.10. Surgical airway | 4.3.10.1. Mac-blade | ||||||
4.3.10.2. Hyper angulated blade | |||||||
4.3.11. Other | |||||||
4.3.12. None | |||||||
4.4. | Number of attempts to secure airway | Continuous | Number | Number of attempts needed before a definitive airway is in place by p-EMS | For each mission | ||
4.5. | Breathing- related procedures | Categorical | Check box | Procedures performed by p-EMS | For each mission | ||
4.5.1. Controlled manually | Breathing assistance using physician’s hands. Bag valve mask ventilation | ||||||
4.5.2. Controlled mechanically | Use of technical respiratory support; ventilator, NIV | ||||||
4.5.3. Needle decompression | |||||||
4.5.4. Chest tube | |||||||
4.5.5. Thoracostomy | |||||||
4.5.6. Escharotomy | |||||||
Continuous | 4.5.7. FiO2 | If patient is ventilated | |||||
Continuous | 4.5.8. PEEP | If patient is ventilated | |||||
4.5.9. Other | |||||||
4.5.10. None | |||||||
4.6. | Circulation- related procedures | Categorical | 4.6.1. Peripheral i.v. line | Check box | Procedures performed by p-EMS | For each mission | |
4.6.2. Intraosseous access | |||||||
4.6.3. Central i.v. line | |||||||
4.6.4. Arterial line | |||||||
4.6.5. External pacing | |||||||
4.6.6. Internal pacing | |||||||
4.6.7. Defibrillation | |||||||
4.6.8. Cardioversion | |||||||
4.6.9. Volume replacement therapy (infusions) administered | Check box | Record if intention is to increase circulating volume. Do not record if intention is to “keep-line-open” | |||||
4.6.9.1. Colloids | |||||||
4.6.9.2. Crystalloids | |||||||
4.6.9.3. Blood products | |||||||
4.6.10. Blood products administered | 4.6.10.1. Whole blood | Check box | |||||
4.6.10.2. PRBC | |||||||
4.6.10.3. Liquid plasma /fresh frozen plasma | |||||||
4.6.10.4. Lyoplas | |||||||
4.6.10.5. Other | |||||||
Continuous | 4.6.11. Amount of fluid administered | Number | Millilitres given by p-EMS | ||||
Categorical | 4.6.12. Haemostatic dressing | 4.6.12.1. Pressure bandage | Check box | ||||
4.6.12.2. Packing of wound | |||||||
4.6.12.3. Tourniquet | |||||||
4.6.12.4. Pelvic binder | |||||||
4.6.13. Pericardiocentesis | |||||||
4.6.14. Manual chest compressions | |||||||
4.6.15. Mechanical chest compressions | |||||||
4.6.16. Thoracotomy | 4.6.16.1. Lateral | ||||||
4.6.16.2. Clamshell | |||||||
4.6.17. EVR | REBOA or other type of EVR | ||||||
4.6.18. IABP | |||||||
4.6.19. Other | |||||||
4.6.20. None | |||||||
4.7. | Disability- related procedures | Categorical | 4.7.1. Fracture reduction | Check box | Procedures performed by p-EMS | For each mission | |
4.7.2. Fracture splinting | |||||||
4.7.3. Spinal immobilization | |||||||
4.7.4. Spinal protection | |||||||
4.7.5. Therapeutic hypothermia | |||||||
4.7.6. Thermal protection | |||||||
4.7.7. Amputation | |||||||
4.7.8. Other | |||||||
4.8. | Other procedures | Categorical | 4.8.1. General anaesthesia | Check box | Procedures performed by p-EMS | For each mission | |
4.8.2. Sedation | |||||||
4.8.3. Regional anaesthesia | |||||||
4.8.4. Incubator | |||||||
4.8.5. NO given | |||||||
4.8.6. ECMO | |||||||
4.8.7. Resuscitative caesarean delivery/perimortem hysterotomy | |||||||
4.8.8. Other | |||||||
4.8.9. None | |||||||
4.9. | Medications administered | Categorical | 4.9.1. Opioids | Check box | Type of medication administered by p-EMS | For each mission | |
4.9.2. Analgesics except opioids | |||||||
4.9.3. Anaesthetics | |||||||
4.9.4. Antiarrhythmics | |||||||
4.9.5. Antibiotics | |||||||
4.9.6. Antidotes | |||||||
4.9.7. Antiemetics | |||||||
4.9.8. Antiepileptic | |||||||
4.9.9. Antihypertensive | |||||||
4.9.10. Bronchodilators | |||||||
4.9.11. Diuretic | |||||||
4.9.12. Electrolytes | |||||||
4.9.13. Fluids (not for keep-line open) | |||||||
4.9.14. NMBA | |||||||
4.9.15. Procoagulant | |||||||
4.9.16. Fibrinolytic | |||||||
4.9.17. Sedatives | |||||||
4.9.18. Steroids | |||||||
4.9.19. Thrombolytics | |||||||
4.9.20. Vasoactive | |||||||
4.9.21. Tranexamic acid | |||||||
4.9.22. Other | |||||||
4.9.23. None | |||||||
4.10. | Hospital pre-alert done | Categorical | 4.10.1. Yes | Bullet list | Physician has informed receiving hospital of patient state before arriving at the emergency room | For each mission | |
4.10.2. No |
Data variable number | Main data variable name | Type of data | Data variable categories or values | Data variable sub-categories or values | Type | Definition of data variable | How often should variable be reported |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5. Mission outcome and quality indicators | |||||||
5.1. | Mission outcome | Categorical | 5.1.1. Patient left at scene | Check box | Patient left by p-EMS at scene. If necessary, taken to GP or other | For each mission | |
5.1.2. Patient taken to hospital, not escorted by p-EMS | To hospital by EMS or other | ||||||
5.1.3. Patient taken to hospital, escorted by p-EMS | |||||||
5.1.4. Patient declared dead on arrival at hospital | |||||||
5.1.5. Patient declared dead at scene | |||||||
5.1.6. Discharged alive from scene | Patient is alive when leaving scene | ||||||
5.1.7. Transported to hospital in cardiac arrest with ongoing CPR | |||||||
5.1.8. Patient alive at handover | Patient is alive when p-EMS hand over patient to hospital/GP/EMS unit or other | ||||||
5.1.9. Patient alive at discharge from hospital | |||||||
5.1.10. Patient alive at 30 days | |||||||
5.2. | Was the patient’s “post-p-EMS” followed up and registered? | Categorical | Bullet list | 30-day outcome or outcome at discharge from hospital | For each mission | ||
5.2.1. Yes | |||||||
5.2.2. No | |||||||
5.2.3. Unknown | |||||||
5.3. | Intubation success | Categorical | 5.3.1. Yes, on first attempt | Bullet list | Successful ETI by p-EMS | For each mission | |
5.3.2. Yes, after two or more attempts | |||||||
5.3.3. No | |||||||
5.4. | Complications to ETI | Categorical | 5.4.1. Yes | 5.4.1.1. SpO2 < 90% (at any time) | Check box | For each mission | |
5.4.1.2. Blood pressure below 90 (at any time) | |||||||
5.4.1.3. If TBI: Blood pressure below 120 (at any time) | |||||||
5.4.1.4. Blood pressure above 200 (at any time) | |||||||
5.4.1. 5. Cardiac arrest or severe, clinically significant bradycardia in relation to the procedure | |||||||
5.4.2. No | No complications to ETI | ||||||
5.5. | Patient with MI | Categorical | 5.5.1. Transferred to PCI centre? | 5.5.1.1. Yes | Bullet list | Patient meets criteria for myocardial infarction | For each mission |
5.5.1.2. No | |||||||
5.5.2. On-scene time | Number | ||||||
5.6. | Stroke patients | Categorical | 5.6.1. Transferred to a stroke centre? | 5.6.1.1 Yes | Bullet list | All patients considered as having stroke by p-EMS | For each mission |
5.6.1.2 No | |||||||
Continuous | 5.6.2. On-scene time | Number | |||||
5.7. | Cardiac arrest patients | Categorical | 5.7.1. Did patient achieve ROSC for more than 5 min | 5.7.1.1. Yes | Bullet list | Patients with cardiac arrest | For each mission |
5.7.1.2. No | |||||||
Categorical | 5.7.2. If ROSC: patient transferred to a PCI centre? | 5.7.2.1. Yes | Bullet list | ||||
5.7.2.2. No | |||||||
5.8. | Pain | Categorical | 5.8.1. Was the patient’s pain VAS score reduced below 4? | 5.8.1.1. Yes | Bullet list | For each mission | |
5.8.1.2. No | |||||||
5.8.1.3. Unknown | |||||||
5.8.2. Did the prehospital treatment reduce pain or otherwise control/improve the subjective symptoms and well-being? | 5.8.2.1. Yes | As defined by attending p-EMS | |||||
5.8.2.2. No | |||||||
5.8.2.3. Unknown | |||||||
5.9. | Did the prehospital interventions improve or stabilize the vital functions? | Categorical | 5.9.1. Yes | Bullet list | As defined by attending p-EMS | For each mission | |
5.9.2. No | |||||||
5.9.3. Unknown | |||||||
5.10. | Adverse events during mission | Categorical | 5.10.1. Adverse operational events | Check box | Missing material or teamwork issues during mission | For each mission | |
5.10.2. Adverse medical events | Any adverse medical events during mission |