Introduction
Materials and methods
Literature retrieval strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Evaluation of literature quality
Data extraction
Statistical analysis
Results
Literature screening process
Basic characteristics and quality evaluation of the included literature
Author | Year | Region | Type of Research | Number of participants | Number of cases | Study population | HR(95% CI) | Confounding factors for adjustment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yun B [16] | 2022 | Korea | RC | 161673 | 7083 | HBV-infected patients | 0.83 (0.75–0.93) | Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis, antivirals, metformin, statin, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity |
Singh J [17] | 2022 | USA | RC | 521 | 45 | Liver cirrhosis | 0.266 (0.094–0.755) | Age, sex, and CTP in the multivariable model |
Won- Mook Choi [18] | 2021 | Korea | RC | 32695 | 6539 | HBV-infected patients | 0.81 (0.80–0.82) | Age, gender, socioeconomic status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, ALT, and combination medication |
Vicki Wing-Ki Hu [19] | 2021 | Hong Kong | RC | 35111 | 1557 | HBV-infected patients | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, hypertension, renal replacement therapy, creatinine, diabetes mellitus, platelet, albumin, total bilirubin, ALT, HBeAg + |
Simon,T.G [20] | 2020 | Sweden | PC | 50275 | 1612 | HBV and HCV infected patients | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | Gender, consecutive years since diagnosis of hepatitis B or C, severity of liver disease, use of antiviral therapy, presence or absence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity or alcohol abuse, misuse, and use of insulin, metformin and statins |
Shin,S [21] | 2020 | Korea | RC | 949 | 133 | Alcoholic cirrhosis | 0.13 (0.08–0.21) | Age, gender, Child–Pugh score, MELD score, AST, ALT, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine, INR and platelet count |
Liao YH [22] | 2020 | Taiwan | RC | 3822 | 278 | HCV- infected patients | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | Gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, moderate to severe liver disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, antihypertensives, hypoglycemic agents, coumarins and heparins, other antithrombotic drugs and NSAIDs |
Lee,T.Y [23] | 2020 | Taiwan | RC | 7434 | 436 | HCV- infected patients | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hyperlipidemia, statin use and interferon therapy |
Sung JJ [24] | 2020 | Hong Kong | RC | 138966 | 751 | General population | 0.66 (0.59–0.74) | Age, gender, other medications (including H2 antagonists, statins, NSAIDs, and anticoagulants), comorbidities (coronary artery disease, stroke) |
Lee,T.Y [25] | 2019 | Taiwan | RC | 10615 | 697 | HBV-infected patients | 0.71 (0.58–0.86) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, statin use, metformin use, and nucleic acid analogue use |
Simon,T.G [6] | 2018 | USA | PC | 133371 | 108 | General population | 0.51 (0.34–0.77) | Gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, regular use of multivitamins, antidiabetic drugs, statins, routine use of non-aspirin NSAIDs |
Hwang,I.C [26] | 2018 | Korea | RC | 460755 | 2336 | General population | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | Age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, concomitant medication, blood pressure category, fasting glucose and total cholesterol, socioeconomic status, and CCI |
Ho CM- HBV [27] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 7724 | 552 | HBV-infected patients | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) | Gender, age, low income, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, malignancies other than hepatocellular carcinoma, COPD, ESRD, transplantation, alcohol consumption, and concomitant use of ACEIs/ARBs, metformin, and statins |
Ho CM- HCV [27] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 7873 | 503 | HCV- infected patients | 0.55 (0.23–1.28) | Gender, age, low income, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, malignancies other than hepatocellular carcinoma, COPD, ESRD, transplantation, alcohol consumption, and concomitant use of ACEIs/ARBs, metformin, and statins |
Tseng CH [28] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 43800 | 1750 | Patients with type 2 diabetes | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | Age, sex, occupation and area of residence, major comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity), diabetes-related complications, use of antidiabetic medications (insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, acarbose, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), potential risk factors for cancer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco abuse, alcohol-related diagnoses, gallstones, history of Helicobacter pylori infection, EB virus-related diagnoses, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, cirrhosis and other chronic non-alcoholic liver disease) and medications commonly used or that may affect cancer risk in patients with diabetes (ACEI/ARB, calcium channel blockers, statins, betablockers and aspirin) |
Lin YS [29] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 18243 | 110 | HNSCC | 0.67 (0.42–1.08) | Age, gender, urbanization, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and COX2 and statin use |
Lee, M [30] | 2017 | Korea | RC | 1674 | 63 | HBV-infected patients | 0.28 (0.11–0.75) | Age, sex, diabetes, cirrhosis, Child–Pugh score, MELD score, HBeAg, ALT, albumin, total bilirubin, Scr, PT and platelet count |
Lee, T.Y [31] | 2017 | Taiwan | RC | 18080 | 41 | NAFLD | 0.70 (0.37–1.36) | Age, gender, ALT elevation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, gout, statin use, metformin use |
Petrick, J.L [32] | 2015 | USA | PC | 1084133 | 679 | General population | 0.63 (0.50–0.78) | Gender, age, race, cohort, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption |
Inclusion in the literature | Crowd selection | Comparability between group | Measurement results | NOS score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yun B [16] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Singh J [17] | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
Won- Mook Choi [18] | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
Vicki Wing-Ki Hui [19] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Simon, T.G. [20] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Shin, S [21] | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
Liao YH [22] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Lee, T.Y. [23] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Sung JJ [24] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Lee, T.Y. [25] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Simon, T.G. [6] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Hwang, I.C. [26] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Ho CM-HBV [27] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Ho CM-HCV [27] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Tseng CH [28] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Lin YS [29] | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
Lee, M [30] | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
Lee, T.Y. [31] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
Petrick, J.L. [32] | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |