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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

192. Zystische Fibrose (Mukoviszidose)

verfasst von : Sabina Schmitt-Grohé, Michael J. Lentze, Jobst Henker

Erschienen in: Pädiatrie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Mukoviszidose ist eine autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Multisystemerkrankung (v. a. Lunge, Gastrointestinaltrakt). Pathophysiologisch mangelt es an funktionstüchtigem CFTR-Protein, einem Chlorid- und Bikarbonatkanal. Die Diagnose erfolgt v. a. über Neugeborenenscreening, Schweißtest und molekulargenetische Diagnostik. Der progressive Untergang von Lungengewebe infolge von Infektion und Inflammation ist entscheidend für Morbidität und Mortalität. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ist das wichtigste Pathogen. Weitere relevante sind Burkholderia cepacia, Staphylokokken, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, nichttuberkulöse Mykobakterien, anaerobe Bakterien, Achromobacter xyloxidans, Viren und Pilze. Der pulmonale Verlauf wird mittels Lungenfunktion, radiologischer und mikrobiologischer Diagnostik beurteilt. Therapeutische Optionen sind Antibiotika, Inhalationen mit bronchodilatativen Medikamenten und Sekretolytika, antiinflammatorische Substanzen und CFTR-Modulatoren. Die häufigsten pulmonalen Komplikationen sind Hämoptysen und Pneumothorax. Ultima Ratio ist die Lungentransplantation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Zystische Fibrose (Mukoviszidose)
verfasst von
Sabina Schmitt-Grohé
Michael J. Lentze
Jobst Henker
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60300-0_187

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