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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 6/2007

01.06.2007 | Leitthema

Pharmakokinetische/pharmakodynamische Modelle für Inhalationsanästhetika

verfasst von: PD Dr. S. Kreuer, J. Bruhn, W. Wilhelm, T. Bouillon

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 6/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Pharmakokinetische Modelle können in physiologisch basierte und empirische Modelle unterschieden werden. Traditionell erfolgt die Beschreibung der Pharmakokinetik volatiler Anästhetika mithilfe physiologisch basierter Modelle unter Verwendung der jeweiligen Gewebe-Blut-Verteilungskoeffizienten. Die Kompartimente des empirischen Modells weisen kein anatomisches Korrelat auf, sondern sind durch das mathematische Verfahren der Parameterabschätzung entstanden. Die endexspiratorische Konzentration von volatilen Anästhetika entspricht nahezu der arteriellen Konzentration, daher kommt der Beschreibung des Übertritts zwischen Plasma und Wirkort für volatile Anästhetika eine zentrale Rolle zu. Der wichtigste Parameter ist hierbei der ke0-Wert; dieser ist eine zeitliche Konstante und beschreibt die zeitliche Verzögerung beim Übergang zwischen dem zentralen Kompartiment und dem berechneten Effektkompartiment. Die ke0-Werte für Sevofluran und Isofluran unterscheiden sich nicht; der Konzentrationsausgleich zwischen dem Zentral- und dem Effektkompartiment bei Desfluran hingegen erfolgt doppelt so schnell. In der klinischen Praxis werden volatile Anästhetika in der Regel mit N2O und/oder Opioiden kombiniert. Dabei ergibt sich eine additive Interaktion von volatilen Anästhetika und N2O. Die Interaktion zwischen volatilen Anästhetika und Opioiden ist hingegen synergistisch. Für die klinisch weit verbreitete Dreifachkombination von volatilen Anästhetika, N2O und Opioiden liegen hingegen kaum Interaktionsuntersuchungen vor.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pharmakokinetische/pharmakodynamische Modelle für Inhalationsanästhetika
verfasst von
PD Dr. S. Kreuer
J. Bruhn
W. Wilhelm
T. Bouillon
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2007
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 6/2007
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-007-1188-7

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