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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 10/2015

01.10.2015 | Leitthema

Urologische Nachsorge und Entwicklung von Malignomen nach Nierentransplantation

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. Giessing, FEBU

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 10/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Anzahl an Patienten mit einem funktionierenden Nierentransplantat steigt, ebenso steigt die Transplantat- und Empfängerüberlebensdauer. Die Sicherstellung der Urinableitung nach Nierentransplantation (NTX) sowie das Erkennen und die Behandlung urologischer benigner und maligner Erkrankungen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund, dass urologische Neoplasien zu den häufigsten malignen Erkrankungen nach NTX zählen, ist eine intensive urologische Nachsorge Bestandteil der regelmäßigen Kontrolluntersuchungen nach NTX.

Empfehlungen

Die Nachsorge nach NTX muss die Sicherstellung des Harnabflusses zum Ziel haben und Harnleiterstrikturen, relevanten Reflux sowie eine Blasenentleerungsstörung [z. B. neurogene Ursache, benigne Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) etc.] ausschließen oder einer Therapie zuzuführen. Harnwegsinfekte (HWI) können bei Transplantatempfängern lebensbedrohlich sein und müssen erregergerecht konsequent langfristig behandelt werden. Eine Prophylaxe ist bei symptomatischen rezidivierenden HWI ebenso sinnvoll wie eine sich unmittelbar an die Transplantation anschließende Langzeit-HWI-Prophylaxe über mindestens 6 Monate. Asymptomatische Bakteriurien sind nicht zwingend behandlungsbedürftig. Urologische Malignome wie das Nierenzellkarzinom der Eigennieren, das Urothel- und Peniskarzinom treten vermehrt nach NTX auf, Hodentumoren und Prostatakarzinome haben keine erhöhte Inzidenz. Die operativen bzw. medikamentösen Behandlungsoptionen urologischer Karzinome unterscheiden sich nicht von der Normalpopulation. Ob und wie die Immunsuppression umgestellt oder adaptiert werden muss entscheidet sich auf Grundlage der individuellen Empfängersituation.
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Metadaten
Titel
Urologische Nachsorge und Entwicklung von Malignomen nach Nierentransplantation
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. Giessing, FEBU
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 10/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-015-3910-4

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Erst PSA-Test, dann Kallikrein-Score, schließlich MRT und Biopsie – ein vierstufiges Screening-Schema kann die Zahl der unnötigen Prostatabiopsien erheblich reduzieren: Die Hälfte der Männer, die in einer finnischen Studie eine Biopsie benötigten, hatte einen hochgradigen Tumor.

Harnwegsinfektprophylaxe: Es geht auch ohne Antibiotika

20.04.2024 EAU 2024 Kongressbericht

Beim chronischen Harnwegsinfekt bei Frauen wird bisher meist eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe eingesetzt. Angesichts der zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenz erweist sich das Antiseptikum Methenamin-Hippurat als vielversprechende Alternative, so die Auswertung einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie.

Update Urologie

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