nach oben

Erschienen in:

28.05.2022 | Original Contribution

Vitamin D supplementation and increased dairy protein intake do not affect muscle strength or physical function in healthy 6–8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial

verfasst von: Line Thams, Lars G. Hvid, Nanna G. Stounbjerg, Jan C. Brønd, Christian Mølgaard, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Mette Hansen

Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition | Ausgabe 7/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate separate and combined effects of vitamin D supplementation during the extended winter and increased dairy protein intake on muscle strength and physical function in children, and furthermore to explore potential sex differences.

Methods

In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized winter trial, 183 healthy, 6–8-year-old children received blinded tablets with 20 µg/day vitamin D₃ or placebo, and substituted 260 g/day dairy with yogurts with high (HP, 10 g protein/100 g) or normal protein content (NP, 3.5 g protein/100 g) for 24 weeks during winter at 55° N. We measured maximal isometric handgrip and leg press strength, and physical function by jump tests and a 30 s sit-to-stand test. Physical activity was measured by 7-day accelerometry.

Results

Baseline (mean ± SD) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 80.8 ± 17.2 nmol/L, which increased to 88.7 ± 17.6 nmol/L with vitamin D supplementation and decreased to 48.4 ± 19.2 nmol/L with placebo. Baseline protein intake was 15.5 ± 2.4 E%, which increased to 18.4 ± 3.4 E% with HP and was unchanged with NP. We found no separate or combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and/or increased dairy protein intake on muscle strength or physical function (all P > 0.20). There was an interaction on the sit-to-stand test (P_{vitamin×yogurt} = 0.02), which however disappeared after adjusting for physical activity (P = 0.16). Further, vitamin D supplementation increased leg press strength relatively more in girls compared to boys (mean [95% CI] 158 [17, 299] N; P_vitamin×sex = 0.047).

Conclusion

Overall, vitamin D and dairy protein supplementation during the extended winter did not affect muscle strength or physical function in healthy children. Potential sex differences of vitamin D supplementation should be investigated further.

Registered at clinicaltrials.gov

NCT0395673.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

World Health Organization (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. WHO Press, Geneva

Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM et al (2018) The physical activity guidelines for Americans. JAMA 320:2020–2028. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14854CrossRefPubMed

Dorsey KB, Thornton JC, Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D (2010) Greater lean tissue and skeletal muscle mass are associated with higher bone mineral content in children. Nutr Metab (Lond) 7:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-41CrossRef

Kim HY, Jung HW, Hong H et al (2017) The role of overweight and obesity on bone health in Korean adolescents with a focus on lean and fat mass. J Korean Med Sci 32:1633–1641. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1633CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Rabenda V et al (2014) The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:4336–4345. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1742CrossRefPubMed

Stockton KA, Mengersen K, Paratz JD et al (2011) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 22:859–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1407-yCrossRefPubMed

Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ (2019) Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 119:825–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04104-xCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Romeu Montenegro K, Carlessi R, Cruzat V, Newsholme P (2019) Effects of vitamin D on primary human skeletal muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis and bioenergetics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 193:105423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105423CrossRefPubMed

Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF (1988) Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:373–378. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-67-2-373CrossRefPubMed

10.

Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Škrabáková Z et al (2016) Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr 103:1033–1044. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120873CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

Laurson KR, Thomas JN, Barnes JL (2020) Vitamin D status is associated with muscular strength in a nationally representative sample of US youth. Acta Paediatr 109:2755–2761. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15253CrossRefPubMed

12.

Al-Jwadi RF, Jespersen E, Dalgård C et al (2018) S-25OHD is associated with hand grip strength and myopathy at 5 years in girls: an odense child cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103:2630–2639. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00281CrossRefPubMed

13.

Grenov B, Michaelsen KF (2018) Growth components of cow’s milk: emphasis on effects in undernourished children. Food Nutr Bull 39:S45–S53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572118772766CrossRefPubMed

14.

Magnussen CG, Fraser BJ, Smith KJ (2020) Dietary calcium and dairy intake and muscular fitness phenotypes in Australian children. J Sports Sci 38:717–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1727606CrossRefPubMed

15.

Karagounis LG, Volterman KA, Breuillé D et al (2018) Protein intake at breakfast promotes a positive whole-body protein balance in a dose-response manner in healthy children: a randomized trial. J Nutr 148:729–737. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy026CrossRefPubMed

16.

Moore DR, Volterman KA, Obeid J et al (1985) (2014) Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children. J Appl Physiol 117:1493–1501. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2014CrossRef

17.

Bell KE, Snijders T, Zulyniak M et al (2017) A whey protein-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplement stimulates gains in lean body mass and strength in healthy older men: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 12:e0181387. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181387CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Stounbjerg NG, Thams L, Hansen M et al (2021) Effects of vitamin D and high dairy protein intake on bone mineralization and linear growth in 6- to 8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab286CrossRefPubMed

19.

Thams L, Stounbjerg NG, Hvid LG et al (2022) Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6–8-y-old children-the D-pro trial. Am J Clin Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab424CrossRefPubMed

20.

Ogle GD, Allen JR, Humphries IR et al (1995) Body-composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in subjects aged 4–26 y. Am J Clin Nutr 61:746–753. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.4.746CrossRefPubMed

21.

Nadelmann Pedersen A, Fødevareinstituttet, Afdeling for Ernæring (2015) Danskernes kostvaner 2011–2013: hovedresultater. DTU Fødevareinstituttet, Afdeling for Ernæring: [Eksp.] www.schultzboghandel.dk, Søborg

22.

Thams L, Hvid LG, Damsgaard CT, Hansen M (2021) Test–retest reliability of muscle strength and physical function tests in 6–9-year-old children. MPEES. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2021.1943400CrossRef

23.

Schneller MB, Bentsen P, Nielsen G et al (2017) Measuring children’s physical activity: compliance using skin-taped accelerometers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:1261–1269. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001222CrossRefPubMed

24.

Brønd JC, Andersen LB, Arvidsson D (2017) Generating ActiGraph counts from raw acceleration recorded by an alternative monitor. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:2351–2360. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001344CrossRefPubMed

25.

Rasmussen MGB, Pedersen J, Olesen LG et al (2020) Short-term efficacy of reducing screen media use on physical activity, sleep, and physiological stress in families with children aged 4–14: study protocol for the SCREENS randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 20:380. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8458-6CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Petersen TL, Brønd JC, Kristensen PL et al (2020) Resemblance in accelerometer-assessed physical activity in families with children: the Lolland–Falster Health Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 17:161. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01067-7CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Brønd JC, Aadland E, Andersen LB et al (2019) The ActiGraph counts processing and the assessment of vigorous activity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 39:276–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12571CrossRefPubMed

28.

Weyand PG, Smith BR, Puyau MR, Butte NF (2010) The mass-specific energy cost of human walking is set by stature. J Exp Biol 213:3972–3979. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.048199CrossRefPubMed

29.

MADLOG—Kalorietæller og kalorieberegner online—Tilmeld dig her. https://www.madlog.dk/da/. Accessed 7 Sep 2020

30.

Kiely M, Collins A, Lucey AJ et al (2016) Development, validation and implementation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual vitamin D intake. J Hum Nutr Diet 29:495–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12348CrossRefPubMed

31.

Cashman KD, Kiely M, Kinsella M et al (2013) Evaluation of Vitamin D Standardization Program protocols for standardizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data: a case study of the program’s potential for national nutrition and health surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 97:1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.057182CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA et al (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:53–58. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2704CrossRefPubMed

33.

Fleet JC (2017) The role of vitamin D in the endocrinology controlling calcium homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 453:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.008CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Atkin AJ, Sharp SJ, Harrison F et al (2016) Seasonal variation in children’s physical activity and sedentary time. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:449–456. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000786CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Mortensen C, Mølgaard C, Hauger H et al (2019) Winter vitamin D(3) supplementation does not increase muscle strength, but modulates the IGF-axis in young children. Eur J Nutr 58:1183–1192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1637-xCrossRefPubMed

36.

Wright CS, Laing EM, Pollock NK et al (2018) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone influence muscle outcomes in children and adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 33:1940–1947. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3550CrossRefPubMed

37.

Dubnov-Raz G, Livne N, Raz R et al (2015) Vitamin D supplementation and physical performance in adolescent swimmers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 25:317–325. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0180CrossRefPubMed

38.

El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Nabulsi M, Tamim H et al (2006) Effect of vitamin D replacement on musculoskeletal parameters in school children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1436CrossRefPubMed

39.

Ward KA, Das G, Roberts SA et al (2010) A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation upon musculoskeletal health in postmenarchal females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:4643–4651. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2725CrossRefPubMed

40.

Rejnmark L (2011) Effects of vitamin d on muscle function and performance: a review of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2:25–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622310381934CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

41.

Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M (2011) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, gait and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 59:2291–2300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03733.xCrossRefPubMed

42.

Zhang L, Quan M, Cao ZB (2019) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower limb muscle strength and muscle power in athletes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 14:e0215826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215826CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Rosendahl-Riise H, Spielau U, Ranhoff AH et al (2017) Vitamin D supplementation and its influence on muscle strength and mobility in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 30:3–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12394CrossRefPubMed

44.

Latham NK, Anderson CS, Reid IR (2003) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on strength, physical performance, and falls in older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51405.xCrossRefPubMed

45.

Annweiler C, Bridenbaugh S, Schott AM et al (2009) Vitamin D and muscle function: new prospects? BioFactors 35:3–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.4CrossRefPubMed

46.

Bezrati I, Ben Fradj MK, Hammami R et al (2020) A single mega dose of vitamin D(3) improves selected physical variables in vitamin D-deficient young amateur soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 45:478–485. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0525CrossRefPubMed

47.

Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L et al (2000) Hypovitaminosis D myopathy without biochemical signs of osteomalacic bone involvement. Calcif Tissue Int 66:419–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002230010085CrossRefPubMed

48.

Song Y, Fleet JC (2004) 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol-mediated calcium absorption and gene expression are higher in female than in male mice. J Nutr 134:1857–1861. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.8.1857CrossRefPubMed

49.

Moore DR (2019) Protein metabolism in active youth: not just little adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 47:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000170CrossRefPubMed

50.

Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR et al (2018) A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med 52:376–384. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097608CrossRefPubMed

51.

Volterman KA, Moore DR, Breithaupt P et al (2017) Timing and pattern of postexercise protein ingestion affects whole-body protein balance in healthy children: a randomized trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 42:1142–1148. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0185CrossRefPubMed

52.

WHO (2007) Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition: report of a joint WHO/FAO/UNU expert consultation. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kbdk/detail.action?docID=305231. Accessed 28 Jan 2021

Titel: Vitamin D supplementation and increased dairy protein intake do not affect muscle strength or physical function in healthy 6–8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial
verfasst von: Line Thams
Lars G. Hvid
Nanna G. Stounbjerg
Jan C. Brønd
Christian Mølgaard
Camilla T. Damsgaard
Mette Hansen
Publikationsdatum: 28.05.2022
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Nutrition / Ausgabe 7/2022
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02912-0

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Vitamin D supplementation and increased dairy protein intake do not affect muscle strength or physical function in healthy 6–8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial