Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes superficial cutaneous and mucosal infections. Nail infections are less common. Candida albicans is the most important cause of superficial candidiasis. Candida is a saprophyte in humans and …

Background: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), provoked by work materials or workflows, is believed to be a frequent cause of occupational skin disease (OSD). Data of incidence rates of ICD within different occupations are inadequate. Objective: …

Adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs are frequent, mostly secondary to antibacterials, however, serious adverse cutaneous reactions are infrequent. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are a spectrum of the same …

Promoting sunscreen use is an integral part of prevention programmes aimed at reducing ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin damage and skin cancers. Protection against both UVB and UVA radiation is advocated. Most sunscreens combine chemical UV …

The role of lasers and intense pulsed light sources has gained increasing popularity over the last decade. Major advances associated with improved results are the main reasons associated with this increasing popularity. These advances include …

Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can cause a variety of skin diseases like maculopapular, bullous and pustular eruptions. In recent years increasing evidence indicates the important role of T cells in these drug-induced skin diseases. Analysis …

Onychomycosis is a general term used to describe a fungal infection of the nail unit caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or non-dermatophyte molds.[ 1 – 3 ] Microbiologically, onychomycosis is differentiated from tinea unguium, which refers to nail …

The optimal treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum includes a combination of local wound care and systemic medications. Oral and pulse intravenous corticosteroids have traditionally been the most commonly recommended first-line systemic therapies.

Antimalarials have been used to treat cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) for decades. Although controlled studies comparing the efficacy of antimalarials versus placebo and other treatments are generally lacking, many case reports and …

The skin is one of the largest organs of the body, which is significantly affected by the aging process and menopause. The significant changes sustained by the skin during the menopause are due to the effect sustained on the skin’s individual …

Targeted therapies have developed rapidly over the last few years in the field of oncology thanks to a better understanding of carcinogenesis. They target pathways involved in signal transduction (EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4, FLT3, RAS, RAF, MEK, KIT …

The Asian patient with Fitzpatrick skin types III–V is rarely highlighted in publications on cutaneous disorders or cutaneous laser surgery. However, with changing demographics, Asians will become an increasingly important group in this context.

Anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline 40 mg capsules (30 mg immediate-release and 10 mg delayed-release beads) provide a sub-antimicrobial dose that reduces the inflammatory response in patients with rosacea without producing drug concentrations …

Efalizumab (Raptiva®) is a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody that targets CD11a, the a-subunit of the heterodimeric lymphocyte surface protein lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). It is approved for the treatment of adult …

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is an unusual type of cutaneous adverse drug reaction that is characterized by recurrent site-specific lesions each time the drug responsible is taken. FDE from cephalosporins has been rarely reported, and to the best of …

Background: Childhood vitiligo is a common pediatric skin disorder. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unclear, and immunological dysfunction may play an important role. Objectives: This prospective study aimed to profile childhood vitiligo and to …

Minocycline is a semi-synthetic, second-generation tetracycline. It was introduced in 1972 and has both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Minocycline is used for a variety of infectious diseases and in acne. Even today, new …

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides in which inflammation leads to elastolysis manifested by pendulous skin folds with a predilection for flexural areas. Histologic findings include many multinucleated giant cells …

An association between systemic malignancy and cutaneous manifestations has long been recognized. The cutaneous features that can occur are numerous and heterogeneous, and many different etiologic mechanisms are represented — from direct tumor …

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis seen in 1–5% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The pathogenesis of PG remains unclear, but may be related to abnormal T-cell responses and production of tumor …