Introduction
Materials and methods
Study population
NLCS | RERF | VITAL | EPIC | Overall | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | % | No | % | No | % | No | % | No | % | |
Country | The Netherlands | Japan | USA | Europe | ||||||
Recruitment period | 1986–2003 | 1950–2000 | 2000–2008 | 1993–2006 | ||||||
Food items (n) | 150 | 102 | 126 | 260 | ||||||
Mean follow-up, years (± SD) | 14.06 (± 4.81) | 27.78 (± 12.74) | 6.74 (± 1.50) | 11.04 (± 2.81) | 11.20 (± 4.50) | |||||
Subject status | ||||||||||
Total | 5247 | 100 | 6582 | 100 | 69,489 | 100 | 451,609 | 100 | 532,927 | 100 |
Cases | 877 | 16.71 | 42 | 0.64 | 346 | 0.50 | 1,650 | 0.37 | 2915 | 0.55 |
Men | 734 | 83.69 | 32 | 76.19 | 269 | 77.75 | 1,154 | 69.94 | 2,189 | 75.09 |
Women | 143 | 16.31 | 10 | 23.81 | 77 | 22.25 | 496 | 30.06 | 726 | 24.91 |
Non-cases | 4370 | 83.29 | 6540 | 99.36 | 69,143 | 99.50 | 449,959 | 99.63 | 530,012 | 99.45 |
Men | 2134 | 48.83 | 2475 | 37.84 | 33,470 | 48.41 | 131,503 | 29.23 | 169,582 | 32.00 |
Women | 2236 | 51.17 | 4065 | 62.16 | 35,673 | 51.59 | 318,456 | 70.77 | 360,430 | 68.00 |
Sex | ||||||||||
Men | 2868 | 54.66 | 2507 | 38.09 | 33,739 | 48.55 | 132,657 | 29.37 | 171,771 | 32.23 |
Women | 2379 | 45.34 | 4075 | 61.91 | 35,750 | 51.45 | 318,952 | 70.63 | 361,156 | 67.77 |
Age (years) | ||||||||||
< 50 | ||||||||||
Cases | 18 | 42.86 | 2 | 0.58 | 200 | 12.12 | 220 | 7.55 | ||
Non-cases | 3703 | 56.62 | 1812 | 2.62 | 191,060 | 42.46 | 196,575 | 37.09 | ||
50–59 | ||||||||||
Cases | 195 | 22.23 | 10 | 23.81 | 71 | 20.52 | 617 | 37.39 | 893 | 30.63 |
Non-cases | 1355 | 31.01 | 1179 | 18.03 | 30,845 | 44.61 | 160,674 | 35.71 | 194,053 | 36.61 |
60–69 | ||||||||||
Cases | 631 | 71.95 | 10 | 23.81 | 132 | 38.15 | 725 | 43.94 | 1498 | 51.39 |
Non-cases | 2781 | 63.64 | 1198 | 18.32 | 23,862 | 34.51 | 88,032 | 19.56 | 115,873 | 21.86 |
> = 70 | ||||||||||
Cases | 51 | 5.82 | 4 | 9.52 | 141 | 40.75 | 108 | 6.55 | 304 | 10.43 |
Non-cases | 234 | 5.35 | 460 | 7.03 | 12,624 | 18.26 | 10,193 | 2.27 | 23,511 | 4.44 |
TNM stage | ||||||||||
MIBC | 413 | 51.69 | 110 | 32.74 | 133 | 21.63 | 656 | 37.49 | ||
Male | 333 | 80.63 | 91 | 82.73 | 98 | 73.68 | 522 | 79.57 | ||
Female | 80 | 19.37 | 19 | 17.27 | 35 | 26.32 | 134 | 20.43 | ||
NMIBC | 386 | 48.31 | 226 | 67.26 | 482 | 78.37 | 1094 | 62.51 | ||
Male | 335 | 86.79 | 169 | 74.78 | 313 | 64.94 | 817 | 74.68 | ||
Female | 51 | 13.21 | 57 | 25.22 | 169 | 35.06 | 277 | 25.32 | ||
Smoking status | ||||||||||
Cases | ||||||||||
Never | 117 | 13.34 | 7 | 16.67 | 85 | 24.57 | 349 | 21.15 | 558 | 19.14 |
Current light | 63 | 7.18 | 164 | 9.94 | 227 | 7.79 | ||||
Current heavy | 287 | 32.73 | 433 | 26.24 | 720 | 24.70 | ||||
Current unknown | 36 | 4.10 | 28 | 66.67 | 53 | 15.32 | 92 | 5.58 | 209 | 7.17 |
Former light | 127 | 14.48 | 127 | 4.36 | ||||||
Former heavy | 224 | 25.54 | 224 | 7.68 | ||||||
Former unknown | 23 | 2.62 | 7 | 16.67 | 208 | 60.12 | 612 | 37.09 | 850 | 29.16 |
Non-cases | ||||||||||
Never | 1581 | 36.18 | 3579 | 54.72 | 32,982 | 47.70 | 223,234 | 49.61 | 261,376 | 49.32 |
Current light | 353 | 8.08 | 48,134 | 10.70 | 48,487 | 9.15 | ||||
Current heavy | 765 | 17.51 | 43,435 | 9.65 | 44,200 | 8.34 | ||||
Current unknown | 115 | 2.63 | 2580 | 39.45 | 5621 | 8.13 | 10,546 | 2.3 | 18,862 | 3.56 |
Former light | 820 | 18.76 | 820 | 0.15 | ||||||
Former heavy | 647 | 14.81 | 647 | 0.12 | ||||||
Former unknown | 89 | 2.04 | 381 | 5.83 | 30,540 | 44.17 | 124,610 | 27.69 | 155,620 | 29.36 |
Thiamine (B1)a | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | ||||||||||
Cases | 2.80 (± 0.63) | 0.12 (± 0.08) | 0.42 (±0.11) | 1.33 (± 0.45) | 1.65 (± 0.35) | |||||
Non-cases | 2.65 (± 0.26) | 0.12 (± 0.01) | 0.40 (±0.01) | 1.10 (± 0.02) | 1.01 (± 0.01) | |||||
t (p) | 2.40 (0.02) | 0.70 (0.48) | 1.87 (0.06) | 9.12 (< 0.001) | 34.11 (< 0.001) | |||||
Riboflavin (B2) a | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | 1.42 (± 0.09) | 3.63 (± 0.13) | ||||||||
Cases | 9.17 (± 0.32) | 0.13 (± 0.01) | 0.56 (± 0.02) | 0.98 (± 0.003) | 0.97 (± 0.003) | |||||
Non-cases | 8.60 (± 0.13) | 0.12 (± 0.001) | 0.53 (± 0.002) | 9.60 (< 0.001) | 68.32 (< 0.001) | |||||
t (p) | 1.71 (0.09) | 0.45 (0.65) | 1.21 (0.23) | |||||||
Niacin (B3) a | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | ||||||||||
Cases | 22.23 (± 0.29) | 0.73 (± 0.06) | 6.87 (±0.18) | 16.45 (±0.64) | 16.83 (±0.38) | |||||
Non-cases | 20.89 (± 0.12) | 0.71 (± 0.01) | 6.54 (±0.01) | 13.05 (±0.02) | 12.11 (±0.02) | |||||
t (p) | 4.41 (< 0.001) | 0.33 (0.74) | 1.86 (0.06) | 9.98 (<0.001) | 19.38 (<0.001) | |||||
Pyridoxine (B6) a | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | ||||||||||
Cases | 2.73 (± 0.07) | 0.04 (± 0.003) | 0.61 (± 0.02) | 2.04 (± 0.09) | 2.05 (± 0.06) | |||||
Non-cases | 2.60 (± 0.03) | 0.03 (± 0.00002) | 0.65 (± 0.001) | 1.66 (± 0.003) | 1.51 (± 0.003) | |||||
t (p) | 1.96 (0.05) | 1.19 (0.23) | − 2.02 (0.04) | 7.58 (< 0.001) | 14.96 (< 0.001) | |||||
Folate (B9) b | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | ||||||||||
Cases | 512.85 (± 7.73) | 97.55 (± 2.70) | 199.39 (± 2.87) | 282.81 (± 4.10) | ||||||
Non-cases | 488.49 (± 3.29) | 97.54 (± 0.20) | 196.18 (± 0.15) | 185.59 (± 0.15) | ||||||
t (p) | 3.00 (0.003) | 0.005 (1.00) | 1.29 (0.20) | 48.27 (< 0.001) | ||||||
Cyanocobalamin (B12)b | ||||||||||
Mean (± SD) | ||||||||||
Cases | 9.64 (± 0.44) | 0.03 (± 0.003) | 3.92 (± 0.20) | 3.10 (± 0.09) | 5.12 (± 0.15) | |||||
Non-cases | 9.67 (± 0.18) | 0.03 (± 0.0003) | 4.26 (± 0.01) | 5.32 (± 0.01) | 5.15 (± 0.01) | |||||
t (p) | − 0.06 (0.95) | 0.14 (0.89) | − 1.68 (0.09) | − 14.10 (< 0.001) | − 0.28 (0.78) |
Data collection and coding
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
B group vitamins and their associations with BC
Overall results
Overall (n = 532,927) | Men (n = 171,771) | Women (n = 361,156) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | p | |
Thiamin (B1) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 0.80 (0.67–0.97) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | < 0.001 |
Riboflavin (B2) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.14 (1.02–1.26) | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 0.83 (0.70–1.00) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 1.04 (0.80–1.35) | < 0.001 |
Niacin (B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.77 (0.63–0.93) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | < 0.001 |
Pyridoxine (B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | 1.05 (0.94–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.79 (0.59–1.04) | < 0.001 |
Folate (B9) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.93 (0.79–1.11) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.93 (0.75–1.16) | < 0.001 |
Cyanocobalamin (B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) | < 0.001 |
Energy metabolism (B1*B2*B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 1.08 (0.96–1.23) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.15 (1.02–1.28) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | < 0.001 |
Oxidative stress reduction (B2*B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.74–1.05) | 0.74 (0.62–0.89) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.01 (0.87–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.08 (0.97–1.22) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | < 0.001 |
DNA stability (B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.00 (0.92–1.10) | 0.95 (0.87–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 0.76 (0.63–0.92) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.04 (0.86–1.24) | 0.84 (0.67–1.06) | < 0.001 |
Vitamin B complex (B1*B2*B3*B6*B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | < 0.001 |
Model 2b | 1 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.97 (0.97–1.18) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.01 (0.84–1.20) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | < 0.001 |
Stratified analyses
Sex
Thiamin (B1) | Riboflavin (B2) | Niacin (B3) | Pyridoxine (B6) | Folate (B9) | Cyanocobal amin (B12) | Energy metabolism (B1*B2*B3) | Oxidative stress reduction (B2*B6) | DNA stability (B9*B12) | Vitamin B complex (B1*B2*B3* B6*B9*B12) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||||||
Moderate | 0.33 | 0.03 | 0.44 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.29 |
High | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Water | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Moderate | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.76 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.39 | 0.58 | 0.83 |
High | 0.59 | 0.41 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.35 | 0.181 |
Smoking | ||||||||||
Current light*moderate | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.73 | 0.44 | 0.71 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.94 | 0.40 |
Current light*high | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.91 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.88 | 0.21 |
Current heavy*moderate | 0.23 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.09 | 0.88 | 0.56 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.41 | 0.69 |
Current heavy*high | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 0.96 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.93 |
Current unknown*moderate | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.90 | 0.05 |
Current unknown*high | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.95 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.20 |
Former light*moderate | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.57 | 0.19 | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 0.73 |
Former light*high | 0.60 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.98 | 0.52 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.47 |
Former heavy*moderate | 0.69 | 0.95 | 0.82 | 0.54 | 0.63 | 0.40 | 0.87 | 0.54 | 0.94 | 0.02 |
Former heavy*high | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.70 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.46 | 0.21 |
Former unknown*moderate | 0.57 | 0.64 | 0.23 | 0.84 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.93 | 0.41 | 0.82 |
Former unknown*high | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.37 | 0.11 |
BC type | ||||||||||
Moderate | 0.56 | 0.81 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.63 | 0.72 |
High | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.32 | 0.95 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.33 |
BC subtypes
MIBC
Overall (n = 531,883) | Men (n = 170,954) | Women (n = 360,879) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | p | |
Thiamin (B1) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 0.98 (0.87–1.09) | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 0.70 (0.55–0.88) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.81 (0.70–0.95) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.63 (0.46–0.87) | < 0.001 |
Riboflavin (B2) | ||||||||||||
Model 1a | 1 | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 0.88 (0.78–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.87 (0.70–1.08) | 0.80 (0.63–1.00) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.81 (0.67–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | < 0.001 |
Niacin (B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.87 (0.77–1.00) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.78 (0.63–0.97) | 0.63 (0.50–0.82) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.74 (0.64–0.86) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.74 (0.58–0.93) | 0.57 (0.42–0.77) | < 0.001 |
Pyridoxine (B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 0.88 (0.79–0.99) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.83–1.08) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.79 (0.63–0.98) | 0.71 (0.57–0.90) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 0.90 (0.74–1.11) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | < 0.001 |
Folate (B9) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 0.86 (0.77–0.96) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.90 (0.78–1.02) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.77 (0.60–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.87 (0.75–1.02) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.70–1.11) | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | < 0.001 |
Cyanocobalamin (B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.93 (0.83–1.03) | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) | 0.82 (0.65–1.03) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.75–1.20) | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) | < 0.001 |
Energy metabolism (B1*B2*B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 0.84 (0.75–0.95) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.82 (0.66–1.02) | 0.69 (0.55–0.88) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.77 (0.60–0.98) | 0.61 (0.44–0.85) | < 0.001 |
Oxidative stress reduction (B2*B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.81–1.06) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.82 (0.65–1.02) | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 0.80 (0.75–0.98) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.90 (0.77–1.04) | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) | 0.60 (0.42–0.86) | < 0.001 |
DNA stability (B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | 0.86 (0.73–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | 0.73 (0.55–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Vitamin B complex (B1*B2*B3*B6*B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.90 (0.71–1.13) | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.93 (0.82–1.06) | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | 0.87 (0.69–1.09) | < 0.001 |
NMIBC
Overall (n = 532,271) | Men (n = 171,249) | Women (n = 361,022) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | P | Low | Moderate | High | p | |
Thiamin (B1) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.09 (0.96–1.23) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.11 (0.91–1.37) | 0.98 (0.74–1.28) | < 0.001 |
Riboflavin (B2) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.09 (0.96–1.23) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 0.80 (0.65–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.02 (0.76–1.36) | < 0.001 |
Niacin (B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | < 0.001 |
Pyridoxine (B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.98 (0.81–1.18) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | < 0.001 |
Folate (B9) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.79 (0.64–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) | 0.91 (0.71–1.15) | < 0.001 |
Cyanocobalamin (B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.89 (0.80–1.00) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.98 (0.80–1.19) | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.88 (0.79–1.00) | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | < 0.001 |
Energy metabolism (B1*B2*B3) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.77 (0.62–0.94) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | 1.05 (0.91–1.20) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) | < 0.001 |
Oxidative stress reduction (B2*B6) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.69 (0.57–0.85) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.91 (0.72–1.13) | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) | < 0.001 |
DNA stability (B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.95 (0.85–1.05) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | 0.77 (0.63–0.95) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 0.88 (0.69–1.14) | < 0.001 |
Vitamin B complex (B1*B2*B3*B6*B9*B12) | ||||||||||||
Model 11 | 1 | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | < 0.001 |
Model 22 | 1 | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.91 (0.74–1.11) | < 0.001 |