nach oben

Clinical Epileptology

Erschienen in:

01.11.2015 | Leitthema

Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy

verfasst von: A. G. Herzog, M.D.

Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology | Ausgabe 4/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Disorders of reproduction are unusually common among people with epilepsy. They are generally associated with and may be the consequence of reproductive endocrine disorders. Epilepsy itself and epileptic seizures have been implicated in their pathophysiology.

This review focuses on how temporolimbic dysfunction in epilepsy might disrupt normal neuroendocrine regulation and promote the development of reproductive endocrine disorders. The particular nature of the dysregulation may relate to the laterality and focality of the epilepsy and some hormonal changes may develop in close temporal relation to the occurrence of epileptiform discharges. In women, reproductive endocrine disorders include polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, functional hyperprolactinemia, and premature menopause. In men, hypogonadism may be hypogonadotropic, hypergonadotropic or related to hyperprolactinemia. The significance of these reproductive endocrine disorders is that they may contribute not only to sexual dysfunction and infertility, but may also have an adverse impact on seizure control.

This review also includes sections on special considerations in the treatment of reproductive endocrine disorders for women and men with epilepsy.

Herzog AG (1989) A hypothesis to integrate partial seizures of temporal lobe origin and reproductive disorders. Epilepsy Res 3:151–159CrossRefPubMed

Herzog AG, Seibel MM, Schomer DL et al (1986) Reproductive endocrine disorders in women with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Arch Neurol 43:341–346CrossRefPubMed

Herzog AG, Seibel MM, Schomer DL et al (1986) Reproductive endocrine disorders in men with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Arch Neurol 43:347–350CrossRefPubMed

Herzog AG, Drislane FW, Schomer DL et al (2005) Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on sexual function and reproductive hormones in men with epilepsy. Neurology 65:1016–1020CrossRefPubMed

Isojarvi JI, Laatkainen TJ, Pakarinen AJ et al (1993) Polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women taking valproate for epilepsy. N Engl J Med 329:1383–1388CrossRefPubMed

Herzog AG (2002) Reproductive endocrine regulation in men with epilepsy: effects on reproductive function and neuronal excitability. Ann Neurol 51:539–542CrossRefPubMed

Herzog AG, Coleman AE, Jacobs AR et al (2003) Interictal EEG discharges, reproductive hormones and menstrual disorders in epilepsy. Ann Neurol 54:625–637CrossRefPubMed

Hamed SA, Hamed EA, Shokry M, Omar H, Abdellah MM (2007) The reproductive conditions and lipid profile in females with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 115:12–22CrossRefPubMed

Svalheim S, Taubøll E, Bjørnenak T et al (2003) Do women with epilepsy have increased frequency of menstrual disturbances? Seizure 12:529–533CrossRefPubMed

10.

Herzog AG, Friedman MN (2002) Menstrual cycle interval and ovulation in women with localization-related epilepsy. Neurology 57:2133–2135CrossRef

11.

Backstrom T (1976) Epileptic seizures in women related to plasma estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle. Acta Neurol Scandinav 54:321–347CrossRef

12.

Herzog AG, Klein P, Ransil BJ (1997) Three patterns of catamenial epilepsy. Epilepsia 38:1082–1088CrossRefPubMed

13.

Herzog AG, Fowler KM, Sperling MR, Liporace J, Kalayjian LA, Heck C, Krauss GL, Dworetzky BA, Pennell PB (2011) and the Progesterone Trial Study Group. Variation of Seizure Frequency with Ovulatory Status of Menstrual Cycles. Epilepsia 52:1843–1848PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

14.

Morrell MJ, Giudice L, Flynn KL et al (2002) Predictors of ovulatory failure in women with epilepsy. Ann Neurol 52:704–711CrossRefPubMed

15.

Lofgren E, Mikkonen K, Tolonen U, Pakarinen A, Koivunen R, Myllyla VV, Tapanainen JS, Isojarvi JI (2007) Reproductive endocrine function in women with epilepsy: The role of epilepsy type and medication. In Epilepsy Behav 10:77–83CrossRef

16.

Schupf N, Ottman R (1994) Likelihood of pregnancy in individuals with idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsy: social and biologic influences. Epilepsia 35:750–756CrossRefPubMed

17.

Dansky LV, Andermann E, Andermann F (1980) Marriage and fertility in epileptic patients. Epilepsia 21:261–271CrossRefPubMed

18.

Webber MP, Hauser WA, Ottman R, Annegers JF (1986) Fertility in persons with epilepsy: 1935–1974. Epilepsia 27:746–752CrossRefPubMed

19.

Bilo L, Meo R, Nappi C et al (1988) Reproductive endocrine disorders in women with primary generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia 29:612–619CrossRefPubMed

20.

Herzog AG, Schachter SC (2001) On the association between valproate and polycystic ovary syndrome. Epilepsia 42:311–315CrossRefPubMed

21.

Eagleson CA, Gingrich MB, Pastor CL, Arora TK, Burt CM, Evans WS, Marshall JC (2000) Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4047–4052PubMed

22.

Lobo RA (1995) A disorder without identity: “HCA,” “PCO,” “PCOD,” “PCOS,” “SLS,” What are we to call it? Fertil Steril 63:1158–1160PubMed

23.

Klein P, Serje A, Pezzullo JC (2001) Premature ovarian failure in women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 42:1584–1589CrossRefPubMed

24.

Harden CL, Koppel BS, Herzog AG et al (2003) Seizure frequency is associated with age of menopause in women with epilepsy. Neurology 61:451–455CrossRefPubMed

25.

Herzog AG (1993) A relationship between particular reproductive endocrine disorders and the laterality of epileptiform discharges in women with epilepsy. Neurology 43:1907–1910CrossRefPubMed

26.

Kalinin VV, Zheleznova EV (2007) Chronology and evolution of temporal lobe epilepsy and endocrine reproductive function in females. Relationships with foci laterality and catameniality. Epilepsy and Behavior 11:185–191CrossRefPubMed

27.

Bilo L, Meo R, Valentino R, Buscaino GA, Striano S, Nappi C (1991) Abnormal patterns of luteinizing hormone pulsatility in women with epilepsy. Fertil Steril 55:705–711PubMed

28.

Knobil E (1980) The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Recent Prog Horm Res 36:53–80PubMed

29.

Spratt DI, Finkelstein JS, Butler JP et al (1987) Effects of increasing the frequency of low doses of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on gonadotropin secretion in GnRH-deficient men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:1179CrossRefPubMed

30.

Zolovick AJ (1972) Effects of lesions and electrical stimulation of the amygdala on hypothalamic-hypophyseal regulation. In: Eleftheriou BE (Hrsg) The Neurobiology of the Amygdala. Plenum Press, New York, NY

31.

Kaada B (1972) Stimulation and regional ablation of the amygdaloid complex with reference to functional representations. In: Eleftheriou BE (Hrsg) The Neurobiology of the Amygdala. Plenum Press, New York, NY

32.

Dreifuss JJ, Murphy JT, Gloor P (1968) Contrasting effects of two identified amygdaloid efferent pathways on single hypothalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 31:237–248PubMed

33.

Silveira DC, Klein P, Ransil BJ et al (2000) Lateralized asymmetry in activation of hypothalamic neurons with unilateral amygdaloid seizures. Epilepsia 41:34–41CrossRefPubMed

34.

Amado D, Cavalheiro EA, Bentivoglio M (1993) Epilepsy and hormonal regulation: the patterns of GnRH and galanin immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of epileptic female rats. Epilepsy Res 14:149–159CrossRefPubMed

35.

Friedman MN, Geula C, Holmes GL, Herzog AG (2002) GnRH-immunoreactive fiber changes with unilateral amygdala-kindled seizures. Epilepsy Res 52:73–77CrossRefPubMed

36.

Sanchez MA, Dominguez R (1995) Differential effects of unilateral lesions in the medial amygdala on spontaneous and induced ovulation. Brain Res Bull 38:313–317CrossRefPubMed

37.

Gerendai I, Csaba Z, Voko Z, Csernus V (1995) Involvement of a direct neural mechanism in the control of gonadal functions. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol 53:299–305CrossRefPubMed

38.

Gerendai I, Halasz B (1997) Neuroendocrine asymmetry. Front Neuroendocrinol 18:354–381CrossRefPubMed

39.

Edwards HE, Burnham WM, Ng MM, Asa S, MacLusky NJ (1999) Limbic seizures alter reproductive function in the female rat. Epilepsia 40:1370–1377CrossRefPubMed

40.

Herzog AG (2007) Is there a lateralized asymmetry in the sensitivity of the brain to hormones in epilepsy? Epilepsy &amp Behavior 11:157–159CrossRef

41.

Isojärvi JI, Taubøll E, Herzog AG (2005) Effects of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive endocrine function in individuals with epilepsy – a review. CNS 19:207–223

42.

Herzog AG (1996) Polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with epilepsy: epileptogenic or iatrogenic? Ann Neurol 39:559–560CrossRefPubMed

43.

Herzog AG (2015) Differential impact of antiepileptic drugs on the effects of contraceptive methods on seizures: interim findings of the epilepsy birth control registry. Seizure: Eur J Epilepsy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.011

44.

Taneja N, Kucheria K, Jain S, Maheshwari MC (1994) Effect of phenytoin on semen. Epilepsia 35:136–140CrossRefPubMed

45.

Stoffel-Wagner B, Bauer J, Flugel D et al (1998) Serum sex hormones are altered in patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy receiving anticonvulsant medication. Epilepsia 39:1164–1173CrossRefPubMed

46.

Christiansen P, Deigaard J, Lund M (1975) Potens, fertilitet of konshormonudskillelse hos yngre manglige epilepsilidend. Ugeskr Laeger 137:2402–2405PubMed

47.

Fenwick PBC, Mercer C, Grant R et al (1986) Nocturnal penile tumescence and serum testosterone levels. Arch Sex Behav 15:13–21CrossRefPubMed

48.

MacPhee JA, Larkin JG, Butler E, Graham HB, Brodie MJ (1988) Circulating hormones and pituitary responsiveness in young epileptic men receiving long-term antiepileptic medication. Epilepsia 29:468–475CrossRefPubMed

49.

Toone BK, Wheeler M, Nanjee M et al (1983) Sex hormones, sexual activity and plasma anticonvulsant levels in male epileptics. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiat 46:824–826CrossRef

50.

Duncan S, Blacklaw J, Beastall GH, Brodie MJ (1999) Antiepileptic drug therapy and sexual function in men with epilepsy. Epilepsia 40:197–204CrossRefPubMed

51.

Taylor DC (1969) Sexual behavior and temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol 21:510–516CrossRefPubMed

52.

Sapolsky RM (1985) Stress-induced suppression of testicular function in the wild baboon: role of glucocorticoids. Endocrinol 116:2273–2278CrossRef

53.

Gallagher BB, Murvin A, Flanigin HF et al (1984) Pituitary and adrenal function in epileptic patients. Epilepsia 25:683–689CrossRefPubMed

54.

Clarke D, Fearon U, Cunningham SK, McKenna TJ (1996) The steroidogenic effects of b-endorphin and joining peptide: a potential role in the modulation of adrenal androgen production. J Endocrinol 151:301–307CrossRefPubMed

55.

van Goozen SHM, van den Ban E, Matthys W et al (2000) Increased adrenal androgen functioning in children with oppositional defiant disorder: a comparison with psychiatric and normal controls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1446–1451CrossRefPubMed

56.

Sapolsky RM, Krey LC (1988) Stress-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone concentrations in wild baboons: role of opiates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:722–726CrossRefPubMed

57.

Jacobs AR, Edelheit PB, Coleman AE, Herzog AG (1999) Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a treatable cause of anxiety. Biol Psychiat 46:856–859CrossRefPubMed

58.

Murialdo G, Galimberti CA, Fonzi S et al (1995) Sex hormones and pituitary function in male epileptic patients with altered or normal sexuality. Epilepsia 36:358–363CrossRef

59.

Feeney DM, Gullotta FP, Gilmore W (1998) Hyposexuality produced by temporal lobe epilepsy in the cat. Epilepsia 39:140–149CrossRefPubMed

60.

Edwards HE, McIntyre Burnham W, MacLusky NJ (1999) Partial and generalized seizures affect reproductive physiology differentially in the male rat. Epilepsia 40(11):1490–1498CrossRefPubMed

61.

Herzog AG, Russell V, Vaitukaitis JL, Geschwind N (1982) Neuroendocrine dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol 39:133–135CrossRefPubMed

62.

Herzog AG, Drislane FW, Schomer DL et al (1990) Abnormal pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in men with epilepsy: Relationship to lateralization of epileptiform discharges. Neurol 40:1557–1561CrossRef

63.

Quigg M, Kiely JM, Shneker B et al (2002) Interictal and postictal alterations of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in temporal lobe epilepsy in men. Ann Neurol 51:559–566CrossRefPubMed

64.

Sperling MR, Pritchard PB, Engel J, Daniel C, Sagel J (1986) Prolactin in partial epilepsy: an indicator of limbic seizures. Ann Neurol 20:716–722CrossRefPubMed

65.

Bear DM, Fedio P (1977) Quantitative analysis of interictal behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol 34:454–467CrossRefPubMed

66.

Daniele A, Azzoni A, Bizzi A et al (1997) Sexual behavior and hemispheric laterality of the focus in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Biol Psychiatry 42:617–624CrossRefPubMed

67.

Nordeen EJ, Yahr P (1982) Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain. Science 218:391–393CrossRefPubMed

68.

Bauer J, Blumenthal S, Reuber M, Stoffel-Wagner B (2004) Epilepsy syndrome, focus location, and treatment choice affect testicular function in men with epilepsy. Neurology 62:243–246CrossRefPubMed

69.

Bauer J, Stoffel-Wagner B, Flugel D, Kluge M, Schramm J, Bidlingmaier F, Elger CE (2000) Serum androgens return to normal after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in men. Neurology 55:820–824CrossRefPubMed

70.

Blumer D, Walker AE (1967) Sexual behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy. A study of the effects of temporal lobectomy on sexual behavior. Arch Neurol 16:37–43.70 2

71.

Hamed S, Mohamed K, El-Taher A, Hamed E, Omar H (2006) The sexual and reproductive health in men with generalized epilepsy: a multidisciplinary evaluation. Int J Impot Res 18:287–295

72.

Wong M, Moss R (1992) Long-term and short-term electrophysiological effects of estrogen on the synaptic properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons. J Neurosci 12:3217–3225PubMed

73.

Frye CA, Rhodes ME, Walf AA, Harney JP (2001) Testosterone reduces pentylenetetrazole-induced ictal activity of wild type mice but not those deficient in type I 5a-reductase. Brain Res 918:182–186CrossRefPubMed

74.

Sachedo R, Sathyan RR (2005) Amelioration of erectile dysfunction following a switch from carbamazepine to oxcarbazepine: recent clinical experience. Curr Med Res Opin 21(7):1065–1068CrossRef

75.

Herzog AG, Klein P, Jacobs AR (1998) Testosterone versus testosterone and testolactone in treating reproductive and sexual dysfunction in men with epilepsy and hypogonadism. Neurol 50:782–784CrossRef

76.

Herzog AG, Farina EL, Drislane FW, Schomer DL, Smithson SD, Fowler KM, Dworetzky BA, Bromfield EB (2010) A comparison of anastrozole and testosterone versus placebo and testosterone treatment of sexual dysfunction in men with epilepsy and hypogonadism. Epilepsy &amp Behavior 17:264–271CrossRef

77.

Nieoczym D, Soca K, Rundfeldt C, Wlaz P (2010) Pharmacological Reports 62:383–391CrossRefPubMed

78.

Riazi K, Roshanpour M, Rafiei-Tabatabaei N, Homayoun H, Ebrahimi F, Dehpour AR (2006) The proconvulsant effect of sildenafil in mice: role of nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. Br J Pharmacol 147:935–943PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

79.

Gilad R, Lampl Y, Eshel Y, Sadeh M (2002) Tonic-clonic seizures in patients taking sildenafil. BMJ 325:869–869PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

80.

Koussa S, Hage CS, Tohmé A, Riachi M (2006) Epileptic seizures and vardenafil. Rev Neurol 162:651–652CrossRefPubMed

81.

Prostin VR (1991) Pediatric Package insert, Upjohn (U.S.), rev 2/90, rec 9/91

Titel: Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy
verfasst von: A. G. Herzog, M.D.
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clinical Epileptology / Ausgabe 4/2015
Print ISSN: 2948-104X
Elektronische ISSN: 2948-1058
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-015-0012-7

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Disorders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Neurologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2015

Catamenial epilepsy: current concepts of definition, prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment

Neurogonadale Interaktionen bei Frauen mit Epilepsie

Interactions between hormonal contraception and antiepileptic drugs in women with epilepsy

Empfehlungen zu Endokrinologischen Aspekten bei Jugendlichen mit Epilepsie

Epilepsie und Endokrinologie

Leitlinienumsetzung und Kosten bei neudiagnostizierter Epilepsie

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

Update Neurologie