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Originalia

Ambulantes Assessment - Verhalten im Alltagskontext erfassen

Published Online:February 28, 2007https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042.58.1.12

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Ambulantes Assessment erfasst Selbstberichte, Verhaltensweisen oder physiologische Messwerte mit computer-unterstützen Methoden, während die Untersuchten ihrem normalen Tageslauf nachgehen. Seit den 1980er Jahren wurden dazu portable Mikrocomputer und Meßsysteme entwickelt. Im Unterschied zur Medizin werden diese neuen Methoden in der Psychologie bis heute nur zögernd genutzt. Hier dominieren weiterhin Fragebogen, trotz der bekannten Mängel retrospektiver Selbstbeurteilungen. Zu den ambulanten Assessmentstrategien gehören u.a.: Kontinuierliches Monitoring, zeit- oder ereignis-abhängiges Monitoring, Feld-Diagnostik, Feld-Experiment, Interaktives Monitoring, Symptom-Monitoring und Selbst-Management. Es sind innovative Ansätze mit Perspektive auf ökologische Validität, Kontextbezug und Praxisnähe. Die methodischen Vorzüge des Ambulanten Assessment sowie Akzeptanz, Compliance und Reaktivität werden erläutert. Viele der technischen Entwicklungen und Forschungsarbeiten stammen aus den deutschsprachigen Ländern und den Niederlanden. Nicht erst, aber auch die gegenwärtige Decade of Behavior der APA legt es nahe, diese neuen Assessmentstrategien zu fördern. Dieses Positionspapier enthält ein Plädoyer, die Chancen - und in einigen Bereichen - die Notwendigkeit des Ambulanten Monitoring und Assessment für eine sich verhaltenswissenschaftlich verstehende Psychologie zu sehen.


Ambulatory assessment - Capturing behavior in daily life. A behavioral science approach to psychology

Abstract. Ambulatory Assessment refers to the use of computer-assisted methodology for self-reports, behavior records or physiological measurements, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. For this, since the nineteeneighties portable microcomputer systems and physiological recorders/analyzers have been developed. In contrast to their use in medicine, up until today the new methods have hardly entered the domain of psychology. Questionnaire methods are still preferred, in spite of the known deficiencies of retrospective self-reports. Assessment strategies include: continuous monitoring, monitoring with time and event sampling methods, in-field psychological testing, field experimentation, interactive assessment, symptom monitoring, and self-management. These approaches are innovative and address ecological validity, context specificity, and are suitable for practical applications. The advantages of this methodology, as well as issues of acceptance, compliance, and reactivity are discussed. Many technical developments and research contributions came from the German-speaking countries and the Netherlands. Nonetheless, but also the current Decade of Behavior (APA) calls for a more wide-spread use of such techniques and developments in assessment. This position paper seeks to make the case for this approach by demonstrating the advantages - and in some domains - necessities of ambulatory monitoring methodology for a behavioral science orientation in psychology.

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