Introduction
Material and methods
Bacterial strains and media
Antibiotics and other agents
Checkerboard test
Results
Checkerboard test
Antibiotics | FICI range | Mechanism | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MDR | XDR | Synergistic | Additive | Indifferent | Antagonistic | ||
chlorhexidine | DOX | 0.375–1 | 0.375–1 | 27 (90) | 3 (10) | / | / |
MIN | 0.375–1 | 0.3125–1 | 27 (90) | 3 (10) | / | / | |
IMP | 0.625–1.5 | 0.3125–1.5 | 13 (43.33) | 14 (46.67) | 3 (10) | / | |
MER | 0.25–0.625 | 0.3125–0.75 | 29 (96.67) | 1 (3.33) | / | / | |
LEV | 0.375–0.75 | 0.5–1.5 | 26 (86.67) | 3 (10) | 1 (3.33) | / | |
CIP | 0.5–1 | 0.5–1 | 26 (86.67) | 4 (13.33) | / | / |
Isolates | Country | Age | Source | IMP | MER | LEV | CIP | DOX | MIN | CHG | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | MIC combination | MIC alone | ||||
MDR1 | China | 48 | Sputum | 16 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 64 |
MDR2 | China | 87 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 64 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 64 |
MDR3 | China | 77 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 32 |
MDR4 | China | 72 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 32 |
MDR5 | China | 79 | Sputum | 16 | 8 | 4 | 0.5 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 16 |
MDR6 | China | 89 | Sputum | 4 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 16 |
XDR1 | China | 37 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 32 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 64 |
XDR2 | China | 78 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 64 |
XDR3 | China | 57 | Sputum | 16 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 64 |
XDR4 | China | 51 | Sputum | 64 | 64 | 32 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 128 |
XDR5 | China | 78 | Sputum | 16 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 128 |
XDR6 | China | 72 | Sputum | 16 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 128 |
XDR7 | China | 78 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 32 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 64 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 |
XDR8 | China | 74 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 32 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 |
XDR9 | China | 78 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 128 |
XDR10 | China | 52 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 32 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 64 |
XDR11 | China | 61 | Sputum | 32 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 64 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 |
XDR12 | China | 52 | Sputum | 64 | 4 | 32 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 |
XDR13 | China | 61 | Sputum | 32 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 64 |
XDR14 | China | 93 | Sputum | 64 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 8 | 1 | 64 |
XDR15 | China | 52 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 16 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 64 |
XDR16 | China | 45 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 16 | 16 | 1 | 64 |
XDR17 | China | 82 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 16 |
XDR18 | China | 93 | Lavage fluid | 16 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 4 | 16 |
XDR19 | China | 66 | Sputum | 16 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 16 |
XDR20 | China | 80 | Sputum | 16 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 64 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 64 |
XDR21 | China | 72 | Sputum | 64 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 8 | 2 | 8 |
XDR22 | China | 70 | Sputum | 16 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 32 |
XDR23 | China | 66 | Sputum | 16 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 4 | 16 |
XDR24 | China | 82 | Sputum | 8 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 64 | 16 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 8 |
Fold change | 1–16 | 1–16 | 1–8 | 2–4 | 2–16 | 2–16 |