Background
Methods
Study participants
Impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures on household income
Impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures on TB service utilization
(A) changes in TB drug pickup pattern in pre- and during lockdown period
(B) discontinuation of TB medicine during lockdown
Continuation phase interviews (Timeline: July–August 2020) | ||
---|---|---|
General population | Tea garden families | |
Number of TB patients interviewed | 89 | 202 |
Financial impact
| ||
Household income loss during complete lockdown (April-May 2020) and from April 2020 till the date of interview in July-August 2020 | 89 | 202 |
Service utilization
| ||
Drug pick-up pattern from March 25, 2020, till the end of TB treatment and same number of days before lockdown | 72 | 146 |
Medicine discontinuation (if any) from March 25, 2020, till the end of TB treatment | 88 | 202 |
Post treatment interviews (Timeline: January – February 2021)
| ||
Number of TB patients interviewed | 101 | 240 |
Financial impact
| ||
Household income loss from April 2020 till the date of interview in January-February 2021 | 84 | 193 |
Data collection
Results
Characteristics of study participants
Intensive phase – N (January-February 2020) | Continuation phase – N (July-August 2020) | Reasons – N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
General population | 121 | 89 | Death – 5 (4.13%) Refusal – 6 (4.96%) No trace – 4 (3.30%) Could not be contacted over phone – 17 (14.05%) Total – 32 (26.45%) |
Tea garden families | 279 | 202 | Death – 20 (7.17%) Shifted to MDR – 4 (1.43%) No trace – 4 (1.43%) Migrate out – 1 (0.36%) Cancelled because of misdiagnosis – 1 (0.36%) Could not be contacted over phone – 47 (16.85%) Total – 77 (27.60%) |
Continuation phase (July–August 2020) | ||
---|---|---|
General population (N = 89) | Tea garden families (N = 202) | |
Age
| ||
18–24 years | 21 (23.60) | 53 (26.24) |
25–34 years | 23 (25.84) | 54 (26.73) |
35–44 years | 22 (24.72) | 52 (25.74) |
45–54 years | 14 (15.73) | 23 (11.39) |
55–64 years | 6 (6.74) | 17 (8.42) |
65 years and above | 3 (3.37) | 3 (1.49) |
Gender
| ||
Male | 64 (71.91) | 114 (56.44) |
Female | 25 (28.09) | 88 (43.56) |
Education
| ||
Not attended school | 15 (16.85) | 94 (46.53) |
Primary | 41 (46.07) | 86 (42.57) |
Secondary | 12 (13.48) | 13 (6.44) |
Higher secondary | 11 (12.36) | 6 (2.97) |
Graduate | 10 (11.24) | 3 (1.49) |
Post-graduate and above | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Employment status before TB
| ||
Unemployed | 7 (7.87) | 15 (7.43) |
Formal paid work | 12 (13.48) | 72 (35.64) |
Informal paid work | 33 (37.08) | 69 (34.16) |
Retired | 2 (2.25) | 3 (1.49) |
Student | 5 (5.62) | 9 (4.46) |
Homemaker | 12 (13.48) | 25 (12.38) |
Self-occupied | 18 (20.22) | 9 (4.46) |
Type of TB
| ||
Pulmonary, bacteriologically confirmed | 39 (43.82) | 104 (51.49) |
Pulmonary, bacteriologically unconfirmed | 14 (15.73) | 43 (21.29) |
Extra pulmonary | 36 (40.45) | 55 (27.23) |
Changes in pattern of monthly household income over time
Household income loss over time
Number | Average monthly income before lockdown (February 2020) - US$, 95% CI (LB, UB) | Average monthly income during lockdown (April-May 2020) - US$, 95% CI (LB, UB) | Average monthly income at the time of interview (July-August 2020) - US$, 95% CI (LB, UB) | Average per household income loss during April- May 2020 - US$, 95% CI (LB, UB) | Average per household income loss from April-August 2020 - US$, 95% CI (LB, UB) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General population | 89 | 202.59 (159.73, 245.46) | 114.44 (72.81, 156.07) | 161.73 (118.83, 204.63) | (−) 220.39 (− 273.14, − 167.63) | (−) 153.96 (− 228.37, − 79.55) |
Tea garden families | 202 | 85.95 (75.97, 95.93) | 47.21 (39.89, 54.53) | 88.20 (78.99, 97.42) | (−) 96.85 (− 118.43, − 75.28) | 11.70 (− 16.37, 39.77) |