Why carry out this study?
|
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are associated with risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, how awareness of such association varies by specialties is unknown. |
What did the study ask?/What was the hypothesis of the study?
|
We assessed awareness of APO and CVD risk among physicians in various medical specialties via a voluntary survey, with the hypothesis that awareness would vary by specialty type. |
What were the study outcomes/conclusions?
|
Providers from all specialties reported varying degrees of routinely screening their female patients for CVD risk factors, with cardiologists screening most frequently (56% all women and 31% often screening). |
Only half of the IM and FM providers who responded to the survey acknowledged awareness of the association between APOs and CVD risk in women compared with the vast majority of providers in the fields of obstetrics-gynecology and cardiology. |
The majority of providers in IM, FM and cardiology did not ask about APOs and lacked the knowledge of how often to appropriately screen for CVD risk factors associated with APOs. |
Digital Features
Introduction
Methods
Question number | Question |
---|---|
1 | How long are you in practice? < 5 years, 5–10 years, 11–20 years, > 20 years |
2 | What is your sex? Male, Female |
3 | What proportion of your patients are women? 100%, 50–100%, Less than 50%, Less than 25% |
4 | Do you routinely screen your women patients for cardiovascular risk factors? Every Woman, Often, Sometimes, Never |
5 | When assessing cardiovascular risk in women, do you ask about adverse pregnancy outcomes? Every Woman, Often, Sometimes, Never |
6 | Are you aware of the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular risk in women? Yes, No |
7 | Which of the following is an adverse pregnancy outcome associated w/maternal long-term cardiovascular risk? May choose more than one. Pre-eclampsia, Cervical Insufficiency, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Preterm Birth, Post-partum hemorrhage |
8 | How often should women with a history of gestational diabetes be screened for diabetes after delivery? Every 5 years, Every 3 years, Every 1 year, I don’t know |
9 | Women with history of pre-eclampsia should have annual assessment of which of the following? May choose more than one. Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure, BMI, Glucose, Annual Mammogram |
10 | Women with a history of pre-eclampsia have an increased risk of developing which of the following? May choose more than one. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ischemic Heart Disease, Chronic Hypertension, Stroke, Heart Failure, Arrhythmia, Syncope |
11 | How familiar are you with the current AHA guidelines and/or ACOG guidelines concerning treatment and follow-up management of women with pre-eclampsia? Very familiar, Slightly familiar, Not at all familiar |
Results
What is your specialty? | Question 1 | p value | Question 2 | p value | Question 3 | P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | How long are you in practice? | What is your sex? | What portion of your patients are women? | ||||||
Internal medicine | < 5 years | 5 (45.5%) | 0.079 | Male | 3 (27.3%) | 0.092 | 100% | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.0001 |
11 (20.7%) | 5–10 years | 0 (0.0%) | Female | 8 (72.7%) | 50–100% | 7 (63.6%) | |||
11–20 years | 2 (18.2%) | Less than 50% | 3 (27.3%) | ||||||
> 20 years | 4 (36.4%) | Less than 25% | 1 (9.1%) | ||||||
Family medicine | < 5 years | 2 (14.3%) | Male | 7 (50.0%) | 100% | 0 (0.0%) | |||
14 (26.4%) | 5–10 years | 3 (27.3%) | Female | 7 (50.0%) | 50–100% | 13 (92.9%) | |||
11–20 years | 3 (27.3%) | Less than 50% | 1 (7.1%) | ||||||
> 20 years | 6 (42.9%) | Less than 25% | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||
OB-Gyn | < 5 years | 0 (0.0%) | Male | 5 (41.7%) | 100% | 11 (91.7%) | |||
12 (22.6%) | 5–10 years | 1 (8.3%) | Female | 7 (58.3%) | 50–100% | 1 (8.3%) | |||
11–20 years | 5 (41.7%) | Less than 50% | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||
> 20 years | 6 (50.0%) | Less than 25% | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||
Cardiology | < 5 years | 2 (12.5%) | Male | 12 (75.0%) | 100% | 0 (0.0%) | |||
16 (30.1%) | 5–10 years | 5 (31.3%) | Female | 4 (25.0%) | 50–100% | 3 (18.8%) | |||
11–20 years | 1 (6.3%) | Less than 50% | 4 (25.0%) | ||||||
> 20 years | 8 (50.0%) | Less than 25% | 9 (56.3%) |
Specialty | Question 4: Do you routinely screen your women patients for CV risk factors? | p value | Question 5: When assessing CV risk in women, do you ask about adverse pregnancy outcomes? | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Screening frequency | Respondents, N (%) | Screening frequency | Respondents, N (%) | |||
Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Every women | 4/11 (36.4%) | 0.446 | Every women | 0/11 (0.0%) | < 0.0001 |
Often | 4/11 (36.4%) | Often | 1/11 (9.1%) | |||
Sometimes | 3/11 (27.2%) | Sometimes | 5/11 (45.5%) | |||
Never | 0/11 (0%) | Never | 5/11 (45.5%) | |||
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Every women | 7/14 (50.0%) | Every women | 0/14 (0.00%) | ||
Often | 5/14 (35.7%) | Often | 1/14 (7.1%) | |||
Sometimes | 1/14 (7.1%) | Sometimes | 7/14 (50.0%) | |||
Never | 1/14 (7.1%) | Never | 6/14 (42.9%) | |||
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Every women | 3/12 (25.0%) | Every women | 5/12 (41.7%) | ||
Often | 4/12 (33.3%) | Often | 7/12 (58.3%) | |||
Sometimes | 5/12 (41.7%) | Sometimes | 0/12 (0.0%) | |||
Never | 0/12 (0.0%) | Never | 0/12 (0.0%) | |||
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Every women | 9/16 (56.3%) | Every women | 1/16 (6.3%) | ||
Often | 5/16 (31.3%) | Often | 2/16 (12.5%) | |||
Sometimes | 2/16 (12.5%) | Sometimes | 4/16 (25.0%) | |||
Never | 0/16 (0.0%) | Never | 9/16 (56.3%) |
Specialty | Question 6:Are you aware of the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular risk in women? | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes/no | Respondents, N (%) | ||
Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Yes | 6 (54.6%) | 0.107 |
No | 5 (45.5%) | ||
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Yes | 7 (50.0%) | |
No | 7 (50.0%) | ||
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Yes | 11 (91.7%) | |
No | 1 (8.3%) | ||
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Yes | 11 (68.8%) | |
No | 5 (31.3%) |
Specialty | Question 7:Which of the following is an adverse pregnancy outcome associated w/maternal long term CV risk? May choose more than one | |
---|---|---|
APO | Respondents, N (%) | |
Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Pre-eclampsia | 11 (100.0%) |
Cervical insufficiency | 1 (9.1%) | |
Gestational DM | 11 (100.0%) | |
Preterm birth | 1 (9.1%) | |
Post-partum hemorrhage | 2 (18.2%) | |
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Pre-eclampsia | 13 (92.9%) |
Cervical insufficiency | 0 (0.0%) | |
Gestational DM | 14 (100.0%) | |
Preterm Birth | 5 (35.7%) | |
Post-partum hemorrhage | 2 (14.3%) | |
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Pre-eclampsia | 12 (100.0%) |
Cervical insufficiency | 1 (9.1%) | |
Gestational DM | 11 (91.7%) | |
Preterm birth | 6 (50.0%) | |
Post-partum hemorrhage | 2 (16.7%) | |
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Pre-eclampsia | 15 (93.8%) |
Cervical insufficiency | 1 (6.3%) | |
Gestational DM | 14 (87.5%) | |
Preterm birth | 5 (31.3%) | |
Post-partum hemorrhage | 4 (25.0%) |
APO | Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Family medicine (14 respondents) | Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Cardiology (16 respondents) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-eclampsia | 11 (100.0%) | 13 (92.9%) | 12 (100.0%) | 15 (93.8%) | 1.000 |
Cervical insufficiency | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.780 |
Gestational DM | 11 (100.0%) | 14 (100.0%) | 11 (91.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | 0.477 |
Preterm birth | 1 (9.1%) | 5 (35.7%) | 6 (50.0%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.219 |
Post-partum hemorrhage | 2 (18.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0.930 |
Specialty | Question 8: How often should women with a history of gestational diabetes be screened for diabetes after delivery? | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency of screening | Respondents, N (%) | ||
Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Every 5 years | 0 (0.0%) | 0.089 |
Every 3 years | 2 (18.2%) | ||
Every 1 year | 5 (45.5%) | ||
I don’t know | 4 (36.4%) | ||
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Every 5 years | 1 (7.1%) | |
Every 3 years | 2 (14.3%) | ||
Every 1 year | 6 (42.9%) | ||
I don’t know | 5 (35.7%) | ||
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Every 5 years | 0 (0.0%) | |
Every 3 years | 3 (25.0%) | ||
Every 1 year | 9 (75.0%) | ||
I don’t know | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Every 5 years | 4 (25.0%) | |
Every 3 years | 3 (18.8%) | ||
Every 1 year | 4 (25.0%) | ||
I don’t know | 5 (31.2%) |
Specialty | Question 9: Women with history of pre-eclampsia should have annual assessment of which of the following? May choose more than one. | Question 10: Women with a history of pre-eclampsia have an increased risk of developing which of the following? May choose more than one. | Question 11: How familiar are you with the current AHA guidelines and/or ACOG guidelines concerning treatment and follow-up management of women with pre-eclampsia? | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical parameter | Respondents, N (%) | Adverse event | Respondents, N (%) | Familiarity | Respondents, N (%) | |
AInternal medicine (11 respondents) | Lipid profile | 4 (36.4%) | Type 2 DM | 2 (18.2%) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) |
Blood pressure | 11 (100.0%) | Ischemic heart disease | 7 (63.6%) | Slightly familiar | 5 (45.5%) | |
BMI | 6 (54.6%) | Chronic HTN | 11 (100.0%) | Not at all familiar | 6 (54.6%) | |
Glucose | 4 (36.4%) | Stroke | 9 (81.8%) | |||
Annual mammogram | 1 (9.1%) | Heart failure | 6 (54.6%) | |||
Arrhythmia | 1 (9.1%) | |||||
Syncope | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Lipid profile | 6 (42.9%) | Type 2 DM | 3 (21.4%) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) |
Blood pressure | 14 | Ischemic heart disease | 13 (92.9%) | Slightly familiar | 4 (28.6%) | |
− 100.00% | Chronic HTN | 14 (100.0%) | Not at all familiar | 10 (71.4%) | ||
BMI | 7 | Stroke | 8 (57.1%) | |||
− 50.00% | Heart failure | 7 (50.0%) | ||||
Glucose | 3 | Arrhythmia | 0 (0%) | |||
− 21.40% | Syncope | 0 (0%) | ||||
Annual mammogram | 0 (0.0%) | |||||
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Lipid profile | 8 (66.7%) | Type 2 DM | 6 (50.0%) | Very familiar | 7 (58.3%) |
Blood pressure | 12 (100.0%) | Ischemic heart disease | 11 (91.7%) | Slightly familiar | 4 (33.3%) | |
BMI | 10 (83.3%) | Chronic HTN | 12 (100.0%) | Not at all familiar | 1 (8.3%) | |
Glucose | 7 (58.3%) | Stroke | 9 (75.0%) | |||
Annual mammogram | 0 (0.0%) | Heart failure | 10 (83.3%) | |||
Arrhythmia | 2 (16.7%) | |||||
Syncope | 2 (16.7%) | |||||
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Lipid profile | 5 (31.3%) | Type 2 DM | 4 (25.0%) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) |
Blood pressure | 16 (100.0%) | Ischemic heart disease | 13 (82.8%) | Slightly familiar | 5 (31.3%) | |
BMI | 6 (37.5%) | Chronic HTN | 15 (93.8%) | Not at all familiar | 11 (68.8%) | |
Glucose | 5 (31.3%) | Stroke | 11 (68.8%) | |||
Annual mammogram | 0 (0.0%) | Heart failure | 9 (56.8%) | |||
Arrhythmia | 2 (12.5%) | |||||
Syncope | 1 (6.3%) |
Clinical parameter | Internal medicine (11 respondents), N (%) | Family medicine (14 respondents), N (%) | Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents), N (%) | Cardiology (16 respondents), N (%) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid profile | 4 (36.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.315 |
Blood pressure | 11 (100.0%) | 14 (100%) | 12 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | 1.000 |
BMI | 6 (54.6%) | 7 (50%) | 10 (83.3%) | 6 (37.5%) | 0.107 |
Glucose | 4 (36.4%) | 3 (21.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (31.3%) | 0.273 |
Annual mammogram | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.208 |
Clinical parameter | Internal medicine (11), N (%) | Family medicine (14), N (%) | Obstetrics-Gynecology (12), N (%) | Cardiology (16), N (%) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type 2 DM | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (21.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 0.347 |
Ischemic heart disease | 7 (63.6%) | 13 (92.9%) | 11 (91.7%) | 13 (82.8%) | 0.245 |
Chronic HTN | 11 (100.0%) | 14 (100.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 15 (93.8%) | 1.000 |
Stroke | 9 (81.8%) | 8 (57.1%) | 9 (75.0%) | 11 (68.8%) | 0.624 |
Heart failure | 6 (54.6%) | 7 (50.0%) | 10 (83.3%) | 9 (56.8%) | 0.303 |
Arrhythmia | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.523 |
Syncope | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.313 |
Specialty | Question 11: How familiar are you with the current AHA guidelines and/or ACOG guidelines concerning treatment and follow-up management of women with pre-eclampsia? | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Familiarity | N (%) | ||
Internal medicine (11 respondents) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) | < 0.0001 |
Slightly familiar | 5 (45.5%) | ||
Not at all familiar | 6 (54.6%) | ||
Family medicine (14 respondents) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) | |
Slightly familiar | 4 (28.6%) | ||
Not at all familiar | 10 (71.4%) | ||
Obstetrics-Gynecology (12 respondents) | Very familiar | 7 (58.3%) | |
Slightly familiar | 4 (33.3%) | ||
Not at all familiar | 1 (8.3%) | ||
Cardiology (16 respondents) | Very familiar | 0 (0%) | |
Slightly familiar | 5 (31.3%) | ||
Not at all familiar | 11 (68.8%) |