Introduction
Methods
Study area and study population
Questionnaire design
Data collection and data analysis
Ethical clearance
Results
Demographic information
Characteristic | Total | Nanjing | Xi’an | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 457(52.59) | 241(55.66) | 216(49.50) | 0.095 |
Female | 406(46.72) | 191(44.11) | 215(49.30) | |
Unfilled | 6(0.69) | 1(0.23) | 5(1.10) | |
Age | ||||
< 18 | 26(2.99) | 21(4.85) | 5(1.10) | 0.017* |
18–30 | 515(59.26) | 260(60.05) | 255(58.50) | |
31–40 | 141(16.23) | 70(16.17) | 71(16.30) | |
41–50 | 84(9.67) | 38(8.78) | 46(10.60) | |
51–60 | 49(5.64) | 18(4.15) | 31(7.10) | |
61–70 | 36(4.14) | 21(4.85) | 15(3.40) | |
> 70 | 12(1.38) | 5(1.15) | 7(1.60) | |
Unfilled | 6(0.69) | 0(0.00) | 6(1.40) | |
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 850(97.81) | 423(97.69) | 427(97.90) | 0.052 |
Other | 13(1.50) | 10(2.31) | 3(0.70) | |
Unfilled | 6(0.69) | 0(0.00) | 6(1.40) | |
Education level | ||||
None/primary | 17(1.96) | 8(1.85) | 9(2.10) | 0.044* |
Junior school | 70(8.06) | 40(9.24) | 30(6.90) | |
High school | 188(21.63) | 92(21.25) | 96(22.00) | |
Junior college | 188(21.63) | 76(17.55) | 112(25.70) | |
Undergraduate college | 352(40.51) | 192(44.34) | 160(36.70) | |
Master degree/above | 49(5.64) | 25(5.77) | 24(5.50) | |
Unfilled | 5(0.58) | 0(0.00) | 5(1.10) | |
Annual income level | ||||
Under ¥30,000 | 382(43.96) | 199(45.96) | 183(42.00) | 0.014* |
¥30,000-¥60,000 | 194(22.32) | 84(19.40) | 110(25.20) | |
¥60,000-¥90,000 | 145(16.69) | 65(15.01) | 80(18.30) | |
¥90,000-¥120,000 | 72(8.29) | 37(8.55) | 35(8.00) | |
¥120,000-¥150,000 | 41(4.72) | 22(5.08) | 19(4.40) | |
Above ¥150,000 | 35(4.03) | 26(6.00) | 9(2.10) |
Education level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Junior high school and below n (%) | High school and above n (%) | |||
Age | Nanjing | < 50 | 34(8.74) | 355(91.26) |
Xi’an | 25(6.70) | 348(93.30) | ||
Nanjing | > 51 | 14(31.82) | 30(68.18) | |
Xi’an | 14(26.92) | 38(73.08) |
Knowledge levels regarding ADRs
Characteristic | Nanjing | Xi’an | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 6.51 (1.53) | 0.196 | 6.37 (1.74) | 0.027* |
Female | 6.31 (1.44) | 6.73 (1.67) | ||
Age | ||||
< 18 | 5.90 (1.84) | 0.787 | 7.20 (1.92) | 0.014* |
18–30 | 6.45 (1.50) | 6.65 (1.61) | ||
31–40 | 6.39 (1.54) | 6.62 (1.92) | ||
41–50 | 6.50 (1.13) | 6.54 (1.73) | ||
51–60 | 6.33 (1.28) | 5.84 (1.62) | ||
61–70 | 6.48 (1.63) | 5.27 (1.75) | ||
> 70 | 6.80 (1.79) | 6.86 (1.77) | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 6.41 (1.50) | 0.215 | 6.54 (1.72) | 0.428 |
Other | 7.00 (0.94) | 7.33 (0.58) | ||
Education level | ||||
None/primary | 7.38 (1.92) | 0.036* | 5.00 (1.82) | 0.078 |
Junior school | 5.83 (1.68) | 6.23 (1.76) | ||
High school | 6.42 (1.45) | 6.44 (1.76) | ||
Junior college | 6.28 (1.44) | 6.66 (1.62) | ||
Undergraduate college | 6.54 (1.46) | 6.65 (1.69) | ||
Master degree/above | 6.56 (1.42) | 6.63 (1.76) | ||
Annual income level | ||||
Under ¥30,000 | 6.39 (1.60) | 0.291 | 6.54 (1.66) | 0.601 |
¥30,000-¥60,000 | 6.19 (1.41) | 6.44 (1.78) | ||
¥60,000-¥90,000 | 6.66 (1.50) | 6.75 (1.59) | ||
¥90,000-¥120,000 | 6.57 (1.24) | 6.83 (1.50) | ||
¥120,000-¥150,000 | 6.41 (1.40) | 6.37 (2.48) | ||
Above ¥150,000 | 6.58 (1.24) | 6.00 (1.87) |
Respondents’ attitudes regarding ADRs
Characteristic | Nanjing | Xi’an | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 4.37 (0.49) | 0.844 | 4.38 (0.47) | 0.857 |
Female | 4.38 (0.44) | 4.37 (0.46) | ||
Age | ||||
< 18 | 4.04 (0.60) | 0.023* | 4.10 (0.21) | 0.116 |
18–30 | 4.36 (0.46) | 4.38 (0.46) | ||
31–40 | 4.44 (0.41) | 4.47 (0.50) | ||
41–50 | 4.38 (0.53) | 4.30 (0.46) | ||
51–60 | 4.58 (0.44) | 4.33 (0.44) | ||
61–70 | 4.52 (0.50) | 4.17 (0.49) | ||
> 70 | 4.38 (0.29) | 4.55 (0.41) | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 4.38 (0.47) | 0.494 | 4.37 (0.47) | 0.749 |
Other | 4.28 (0.41) | 4.46 (0.51) | ||
Education level | ||||
None/primary | 4.13 (0.38) | 0.239 | 4.22 (0.65) | 0.033* |
Junior school | 4.43 (0.51) | 4.18 (0.44) | ||
High school | 4.29 (0.47) | 4.33 (0.45) | ||
Junior college | 4.41 (0.48) | 4.35 (0.47) | ||
Undergraduate college | 4.40 (0.45) | 4.45 (0.46) | ||
Master degree/above | 4.37 (0.52) | 4.45 (0.45) | ||
Annual income level | ||||
Under ¥30,000 | 4.33 (0.47) | 0.039* | 4.31 (0.45) | 0.001* |
¥30,000-¥60,000 | 4.44 (0.49) | 4.38 (0.49) | ||
¥60,000-¥90,000 | 4.30 (0.41) | 4.41 (0.47) | ||
¥90,000-¥120,000 | 4.39 (0.41) | 4.46 (0.38) | ||
¥120,000-¥150,000 | 4.56 (0.45) | 4.55 (0.45) | ||
Above ¥150,000 | 4.54 (0.58) | 4.51 (0.51) |
Practices regarding ADRs
Questions/answers | Nanjing | Xi’an | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (n) | Frequency (%) | Number (n) | Frequency (%) | Number (n) | Frequency (%) | |
1.Would you consult doctors or pharmacists for ADR information while purchasing drugs? | ||||||
Yes, I would | 284(65.59) | 300(68.81) | 584(67.20) | |||
No, I wouldn`t | 149(34.41) | 135(30.96) | 284(32.68) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 1(0.23) | 1(0.12) | |||
P = 0.289 | ||||||
2.Would you check the "adverse drug reactions" section of the drug instructions? | ||||||
Every time | 172(39.72) | 174(39.91) | 346(39.82) | |||
Most time | 137(31.64) | 151(34.63) | 288(33.14) | |||
Sometimes | 110(25.41) | 101(23.17) | 211(24.28) | |||
Never | 14(3.23) | 8(1.83) | 22(2.53) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 2(0.46) | 2(0.23) | |||
P = 0.438 | ||||||
3.Do you suspect that ADR is occurring when you feeling sick? | ||||||
Suspect and check the instructions for more information | 262(60.51) | 242(55.50) | 504(58.00) | |||
Suspect but not check the instructions for more information | 129(29.79) | 143(32.80) | 272(31.30) | |||
Not suspect | 42(9.70) | 49(11.24) | 91(10.47) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 2(0.46) | 2(0.23) | |||
P = 0.359 | ||||||
4. What measures would you take when you have an adverse drug reaction? | ||||||
Feed the information back to the medical staff | 303(69.98) | 296(67.89) | 599(68.93) | |||
Nothing was done | 69(15.94) | 78(17.89) | 147(16.92) | |||
Report to Pharmaceutical trading enterprises (drug store) | 46(10.62) | 29(6.65) | 75(8.63) | |||
Report to ADR monitoring center | 5(1.15) | 8(1.83) | 13(1.50) | |||
Report to pharmaceutical Manufacturing companies | 2(0.46) | 7(1.61) | 9(1.04) | |||
Exposure to the News Media | 8(1.85) | 6(1.38) | 14(1.61) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 12(2.75) | 12(1.38) | |||
P = 0.148 | ||||||
5. If there is a policy that makes it easier for patients to report adverse drug reactions, would you take the initiative to report? | ||||||
Yes, I would | 362(83.60) | 371(85.09) | 733(84.35) | |||
No, I wouldn`t | 71(16.40) | 62(14.22) | 133(15.30) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 3(0.69) | 3(0.35) | |||
P = 0.396 | ||||||
6. Which way do you prefer to report adverse drug reactions? | ||||||
By telephone | 262(60.51) | 247(56.65) | 509(58.57) | |||
By internet | 123(28.41) | 128(29.36) | 251(28.88) | |||
By email | 32(7.39) | 35(8.03) | 67(7.71) | |||
By post | 16(3.69) | 8(1.83) | 24(2.76) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 18(4.13) | 18(2.07) | |||
P = 0.380 | ||||||
7. Why do you think you did not report adverse drug reactions? (multiple choices) | ||||||
Do not know where to feedback ADR information | 238(32.69) | 252(36.47) | 490(34.53) | |||
ADR is not too serious to report | 200(27.47) | 190(27.50) | 390(27.48) | |||
Think it's too much trouble to report the ADR | 117(16.07) | 117(16.93) | 234(16.49) | |||
Do not want to discontinue medication because of ADR | 108(14.84) | 44(6.37) | 152(10.71) | |||
I think it is meaningless to report ADR | 65(8.93) | 85(12.30) | 150(10.57) | |||
unfilled | 0(0.00) | 3(0.43) | 3(0.21) | |||
P < 0.001* |