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Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie 4/2024

18.03.2024 | Arthrosen | Leitthema

Update Indikation Teilprothese

Neue Aspekte

verfasst von: Dr. med. Carlo Theus-Steinmann, Prof. Dr. med. Sébastien Lustig, PD Dr. med. Tilman Calliess

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 4/2024

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der teilprothetische Kniegelenksersatz ist eine bewährte Therapie für die fortgeschrittene unikompartimentelle Gonarthrose. Obwohl in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch eine Verbesserung der Implantate und chirurgischen Operationstechniken die Indikation kontinuierlich erweitert werden konnte, wird weltweit aufgrund historischer Präferenzen oft noch der Knietotalprothese der Vorzug gegeben.

Fragestellung

In diesem Artikel werden die Vor- und Nachteile der Knieteilprothese unter Berücksichtigung der Langzeitresultate beleuchtet. Es wird zudem erläutert, wie sich die Indikationskriterien über die letzten Jahrzehnte entwickelt haben und welche neuen Aspekte bei der Patientenselektion durch beispielsweise mögliche Verbesserungen aufgrund des Einsatzes neuer Technologien hinzugekommen sind.

Material und Methoden

Analyse der Langzeitresultate klinischer Studien und Registerdaten unter Beleuchtung der Risikofaktoren für mögliche Versager und ihr Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Indikationsstellung.

Ergebnisse

Die Langzeitresultate zeigen heutzutage exzellente Standzeiten, welche sich an die Resultate von Knietotalprothesen angleichen. Neue Aspekte für die Erweiterung der Indikationsstellung werden diskutiert für die mögliche Anwendung einer Knieteilprothese bei schwerer Varus-Fehlstellung > 15°, Insuffizienz des vorderen Kreuzbands, jungen aktiven Patienten, vorderem Knieschmerz und/oder patellofemoraler Arthrose, sowie beginnender Arthrose bei degenerativer Meniskuswurzelläsion mit Meniskusextrusion.

Diskussion

Die Indikationsstellung wurde in den letzten Jahren unter Berücksichtigung moderner Erkenntnisse stets erweitert. Die Anwendung fortgeschrittener Technologien kann die Präzision verbessern und chirurgische Fehler minimieren. Weiter wird aufgezeigt, dass die Revisionsraten nicht alleinige Kriterien für den Erfolg sind und dass eine umfassende Betrachtung der klinischen Ergebnisse notwendig ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Update Indikation Teilprothese
Neue Aspekte
verfasst von
Dr. med. Carlo Theus-Steinmann
Prof. Dr. med. Sébastien Lustig
PD Dr. med. Tilman Calliess
Publikationsdatum
18.03.2024
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 4/2024
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-024-04484-9

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