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Erschienen in:
25.10.2022 | Author Correction
Author Correction to: Prolonged oxycodone use and potential risk factors in postoperative patients: a case control study
Erschienen in: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy | Ausgabe 6/2022
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In the Tables 1 and 2, the values under “Alcohol use” were incorrectly published. The corrected Tables were given below.
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the final study population
|
Controls (%) n = 923 (76.7)
|
Cases (%) n = 280 (23.3)
|
Total n = 1203
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender
|
||||
|
Male
|
402 (43.6)
|
128 (45.7)
|
530 (44.1)
|
|
|
Female
|
521 (56.4)
|
152 (54.3)
|
673 (55.9)
|
|
|
Age in years (mean ± SD)
|
58 ± 17.7
|
60 ± 16.7
|
58 ± 17.5
|
|
|
Length of stay in days (mean ± SD)
|
3.4 ± 3.9
|
5.2 ± 5.9
|
3.8 ± 4.5
|
|
|
Admitting department
|
||||
|
Gastrointestinal surgery & internal medicine & gastroenterology
|
39 (4.2)
|
4 (1.4)
|
43 (3.6)
|
|
|
Cardiology
|
2 (0.2)
|
1 (0.4)
|
3 (0.2)
|
|
|
General surgery & trauma surgery
|
142 (15.4)
|
46 (16.4)
|
188 (15.6)
|
|
|
Intensive Care
|
9 (1.0)
|
7 (2.5)
|
16 (1.3)
|
|
|
Neurosurgery & neurology
|
100 (10.8)
|
37 (13.2)
|
137 (11.4)
|
|
|
Orthopedics
|
522 (56.6)
|
142 (50.7)
|
664 (55.2)
|
|
|
Surgical shortstay
|
60 (6.5)
|
17 (6.1)
|
77 (6.4)
|
|
|
Pulmonary medicine
|
35 (3.8)
|
14 (5.0)
|
49 (4.1)
|
|
|
Urology & gynecology
|
4 (0.4)
|
4 (1.4)
|
8 (0.7)
|
|
|
Vascular surgery
|
10 (1.1)
|
8 (2.9)
|
18 (1.5)
|
|
|
NRS pain scorea
|
||||
|
< 4
|
598 (64.8)
|
154 (55.0)
|
752 (62.5)
|
|
|
≥ 4
|
325 (35.2)
|
126 (45.0)
|
451 (37.5)
|
|
|
Type of oxycodone formulation
|
||||
|
Combination
|
447 (48.4)
|
86 (30.7)
|
533 (44.3)
|
|
|
Continuous release
|
435 (47.1)
|
178 (63.6)
|
613 (51.0)
|
|
|
Immediate release
|
41 (4.4)
|
16 (5.7)
|
57 (4.7)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of psychiatric drugs
|
||||
|
No
|
778 (84.3)
|
236 (84.3)
|
1014 (84.3)
|
|
|
Yes
|
145 (15.7)
|
44 (15.7)
|
189 (15.7)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of benzodiazepines
|
||||
|
No
|
849 (92.0)
|
256 (91.4)
|
1105 (91.9)
|
|
|
Yes
|
74 (8.0)
|
24 (8.6)
|
98 (8.1)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of antidepressants
|
||||
|
No
|
838 (90.8)
|
258 (92.1)
|
1096 (91.1)
|
|
|
Yes
|
85 (9.2)
|
22 (7.9)
|
107 (8.9)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of antipsychotics
|
||||
|
No
|
912 (98.8)
|
277 (98.9)
|
1189 (98.8)
|
|
|
Yes
|
11 (1.2)
|
3 (1.1)
|
14 (1.2)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of psychostimulants
|
||||
|
No
|
920 (99.7)
|
276 (98.6)
|
1196 (99.4)
|
|
|
Yes
|
3 (0.3)
|
4 (1.4)
|
7 (0.6)
|
|
|
Preoperative use of opioids
|
||||
|
No
|
842 (91.2)
|
258 (92.1)
|
1100 (91.4)
|
|
|
Yes
|
81 (8.8)
|
22 (7.9)
|
103 (8.6)
|
|
|
Postoperative use of opioids during hospital admission
|
||||
|
No
|
137 (14.8)
|
31 (11.1)
|
168 (14.0)
|
|
|
Yes
|
786 (85.2)
|
249 (88.9)
|
1035 (86.0)
|
|
|
Smoking behavior
|
||||
|
Never/passive
|
395 (42.8)
|
104 (37.1)
|
499 (41.5)
|
|
|
Active
|
198 (21.5)
|
70 (25.0)
|
268 (22.3)
|
|
|
Former
|
315 (34.1)
|
104 (37.1)
|
419 (34.8)
|
|
|
Alcohol use
|
||||
|
No/unknown
|
610 (66.1)
|
195 (69.6)
|
805 (66.9)
|
|
|
Yes
|
313 (33.9)
|
85 (30.4)
|
398 (33.1)
|
|
Table 2
The association of potential risk factors for the receipt of a refill prescription of oxycodone by postoperative patients. Crude ORs with the 90% CI and adjusted ORs with the 95% CI are reported
|
Crude OR (90% CI)
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender
|
|||
|
Male
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Female
|
0.92 (0.73–1.15)
|
||
|
Age
|
1.01 (1.00–1.01)
|
1.01 (1.00–1.02a)b
|
|
|
Length of stay
|
1.08 (1.06–1.11)
|
1.10 (1.06–1.14)c
|
|
|
Admitting department
|
|||
|
Gastrointestinal surgery & internal medicine & gastroenterology
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
|
Cardiology
|
4.87 (0.54–46.64)
|
5.27 (0.37–75.51)d
|
|
|
General surgery & trauma surgery
|
3.16 (1.27–7.83)
|
3.85 (1.26–11.82)d
|
|
|
Intensive Care
|
7.58 (2.29–25.10)
|
4.36 (0.90–21.14)d
|
|
|
Neurosurgery & neurology
|
3.61 (1.44–9.05)
|
4.23 (1.35–13.25)d
|
|
|
Orthopedics
|
2.65 (1.10–6.38)
|
4.29 (1.42–12.97)d
|
|
|
Surgical shortstay
|
2.76 (1.04–7.32)
|
4.07 (1.19–13.85)d
|
|
|
Pulmonary medicine
|
3.90 (1.42–10.69)
|
3.67 (1.06–12.87)d
|
|
|
Urology & gynecology
|
9.75 (2.29–41.51)
|
10.61 (1.70–66.30)d
|
|
|
Vascular surgery
|
7.80 (2.44–24.98)
|
8.27 (1.98–34.52)d
|
|
|
NRS pain score
|
|||
|
< 4
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
|
≥ 4
|
1.51 (1.20–1.89)
|
1.52 (1.14–2.01)e
|
|
|
Type of oxycodone formulation
|
|||
|
Combination
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
|
Continuous release
|
2.13 (1.67–2.71)
|
2.15 (1.60–2.89)f
|
|
|
Immediate release
|
2.03 (1.20–3.42)
|
1.73 (0.90–3.32)f
|
|
|
Preoperative use of psychiatric drugs
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
1.00 (0.73–1.36)
|
||
|
Preoperative use of benzodiazepines
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
1.08 (0.72–1.61)
|
||
|
Preoperative use of antidepressants
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
0.84 (0.56–1.27)
|
||
|
Preoperative use of antipsychotics
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
0.90 (0.31–2.64)
|
||
|
Preoperative use of psychostimulants
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
|
Yes
|
4.44 (1.26–15.69)
|
4.44 (0.99–19.98)g
|
|
|
Preoperative use of opioids
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
0.89 (0.59–1.34)
|
||
|
Postoperative use of opioids during hospital admission
|
|||
|
No
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
1.40 (0.99–1.98)
|
||
|
Smoking behavior
|
|||
|
Never/passive
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
|
Active
|
1.34 (1.00–1.80)
|
1.26 (0.87–1.83)h
|
|
|
Former
|
1.25 (0.97–1.63)
|
1.25 (0.90–1.72)h
|
|
|
Alcohol use
|
|||
|
No/unknown
|
Ref.
|
||
|
Yes
|
0.85 (0.67–1.08)
|
||