Introduction
Methods
Patients
Clinical evaluation
Handgrip strength (HGS)
Outcome measures and sample size
Statistical analysis
Results
Age, years | 63 ± 12 |
---|---|
Men, % | 66 |
Height, cm | 170 ± 10 |
Weight, Kg | 85 ± 17 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 29.1 ± 4.8 |
Previous medical history | |
Hypertension, % | 46 |
Obesity, % | 34 |
T2DM, % | 12 |
Current smoking, % | 14 |
Previous CV disease, % | 12 |
Respiratory function | |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 201 ± 77 |
NIV, n (%) | 15 (13) |
cPAP, n (%) | 38 (32) |
Conventional oxygen treatment, n (%) | 65 (55) |
Laboratory assessment | |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1,73m2, % | 13 |
Serum CRP, mg/dL | 9.1 ± 6.1 |
Serum ferritin, ng/L | 806 ± 680 |
Serum LDH, U/L | 329 ± 111 |
Absolute lymphocyte count/mm3 | 0.84 ± 0.41 |
Serum CPK, U/L | 148 ± 232 |
Serum albumin, g/dL | 3,3 ± 0.4 |
Handgrip strength | |
Handgrip strength, Kg | 27.1 ± 10 |
Handgrip strength/weight2/3, Kg/Kg2/3 | 1.32 ± 0.5 |
Measured handgrip strength/reference handgrip strength, % | 70 ± 16 |
Measured—reference handgrip strength*, Kg | − 8.1 ± 7 |
Patients reaching the main endpoint (n = 22) | Patients not reaching the main endpoint (n = 96) | P | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.4 ± 12 | 62.4 ± 9 | 0.15 |
Sex M, % | 68 | 67 | 0.91 |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 29.8 ± 4 | 29.0 ± 5 | 0.50 |
Hypertension, % | 69 | 49 | 0.16 |
T2DM, % | 31 | 7 | < 0.01 |
Previous CV disease, % | 31 | 6 | < 0.01 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 75 ± 25 | 90 ± 25 | 0.01 |
Serum CRP, mg/dL | 11.6 ± 4 | 8.9 ± 7 | 0.09 |
Serum LDH, U/L | 357 ± 98 | 321 ± 115 | 0.21 |
Serum ferritin, ng/L | 1054 ± 871 | 751 ± 620 | 0.16 |
Serum CPK, U/L | 190 ± 265 | 145 ± 238 | 0.45 |
Absolute lymphocyte count/mm3 | 0.75 ± 0.27 | 0.82 ± 0.43 | 0.47 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 161 ± 58 | 208 ± 84 | 0.03 |
Handgrip strength/weight2/3, Kg/Kg2/3 | 1.21 ± 0.09 | 1.49 ± 0.06 | 0.01 |
Measured handgrip strength/reference handgrip strength*, % | 60 ± 16 | 83 ± 15 | < 0.01 |
Measured handgrip strength < reference handgrip strength*, % | 100 | 85 | 0.04 |
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | Lower | Upper | p value | HR | Lower | Upper | p value | |
nHGS (each 0.5 kg/Kg2/3 decrease) | 2.47 | 1.06 | 5.79 | 0.03 | 1.99 | 1.01 | 3.91 | 0.03 |
Age (years) | 1.28 | 0.88 | 1.86 | 0.19 | – | – | – | – |
Male sex | 1.02 | 0.42 | 2.51 | 0.95 | – | – | – | – |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 1.03 | 0.95 | 1.11 | 0.48 | – | – | – | – |
Previous CV disease | 6.63 | 2.47 | 17.85 | < 0.01 | 3.89 | 1.14 | 13.24 | < 0.01 |
eGFR (each 10 mL/min/1.73m2 decrease) | 1.32 | 1.08 | 1.71 | 0.01 | 1.30 | 1.03 | 1.64 | 0.03 |
Hypertension | 2.06 | 0.72 | 5.95 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Diabetes mellitus | 4.63 | 1.60 | 13.4 | < 0.01 | – | – | – | – |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio (each 10 unit decrease) | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.17 | 0.035 | – | – | – | – |