nach oben

Clinical Research in Cardiology

Erschienen in:

27.05.2020 | COVID-19 | Review Zur Zeit gratis

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation

verfasst von: Michael Böhm, Norbert Frey, Evangelos Giannitsis, Karen Sliwa, Andreas M. Zeiher

Erschienen in: Clinical Research in Cardiology | Ausgabe 12/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic affecting people at high risk and particularly at advanced age, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. As cardiovascular patients are at high risk but also have dyspnea and fatigue as leading symptoms, prevention, diagnostics and treatment in these patients are important to provide adequate care for those with or without COVID-19 but most importantly when comorbid cardiovascular conditions are present. Severe COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress (ARDS) is challenging as patients with elevated myocardial markers such as troponin are at enhanced high risk for fatal outcomes. As angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is regarded as the viral receptor for cell entry and as the Coronavirus is downregulating this enzyme, which provides cardiovascular and pulmonary protection, there is ongoing discussions on whether treatment with cardiovascular drugs, which upregulate the viral receptor ACE2 should be modified. As most of the COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and heart failure, which imposes a high risk on these patients, cardiovascular therapy should not be modified or even withdrawn. As cardiac injury is a common feature of COVID-19 associated ARDS and is linked with poor outcomes, swift diagnostic management and specialist care of cardiovascular patients in the area of COVID-19 is of particular importance and deserves special attention.

Cucinotta D, Vanelli M (2020) WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed 91:157–160 PubMedPubMedCentral

Spinelli A, Pellino G (2020) COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis. Br J Surg. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11627 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020) Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Channappanavar R, Perlman S (2017) Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 39:529–539 PubMedPubMedCentral

Zeng JH, Liu YX, Yuan J, Wang FX, Wu WB, Li JX, Wang LF, Gao H, Wang Y, Dong CF, Li YJ, Xie XJ, Feng C, Liu L (2020) First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights. Infection. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA, Chung H, Crowcroft NS, Karnauchow T, Katz K, Ko DT, McGeer AJ, McNally D, Richardson DC, Rosella LC, Simor A, Smieja M, Zahariadis G, Gubbay JB (2018) Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. N Engl J Med 378:345–353 PubMed

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1054–1062 PubMedPubMedCentral

Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, Wang H, Wan J, Wang X, Lu Z (2020) Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, Cai Y, Liu T, Yang F, Gong W, Liu X, Liang J, Zhao Q, Huang H, Yang B, Huang C (2020) Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China Lancet 395:497–506 PubMed

11.

Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

(2020) Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients (LEOSS) registry protocols. https://leoss.net/

13.

Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA, Angus DC, Chirinos JA, Chang CC, Newman A, Loehr L, Folsom AR, Elkind MS, Lyles MF, Kronmal RA, Yende S (2015) Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 313:264–274 PubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Zilla P, Bolman RM, Yacoub MH, Beyersdorf F, Sliwa K, Zühlke L, Higgins RSD, Mayosi B, Carpentier A, Williams D (2018) The Cape Town declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 156:2206–2209 PubMed

15.

Lwabi P, Namuyonga J, Lubega S, Oketcho M, Mwambu T, Sebatta E, Okello E, Omagino J, Sliwa K (2019) The Uganda Heart Association. Eur Heart J 40:2396–2397 PubMed

16.

Sliwa K, Ntusi N (2019) Battling cardiovascular diseases in a perfect storm. Circulation 139:1658–1660 PubMed

17.

Thienemann F, Pinto F, Grobbee DE, Boehm M, Bazargani N, Ge J, Sliwa K (2020) World heart federation briefing on prevention: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low-income countries. Glob Heart 15(1):31. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.778 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I, ESC Scientific Document Group (2018) 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 39:3021–3104 PubMed

19.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC Jr, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA Sr, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr (2018) 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 138:e426–e483 PubMed

20.

Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ (2000) A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem 275:33238–33243 PubMed

21.

Baker KM, Booz GW, Dostal DE (1992) Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: Role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system. Annu Rev Physiol 54:227–241 PubMed

22.

Kaschina E, Namsolleck P, Unger T (2017) AT2 receptors in cardiovascular and renal disease. Pharmacol Res 125:39–47 PubMed

23.

Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robison K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S (2000) A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–9. Circ Res 87:E1–9 PubMed

24.

Simões e Silva AC, Silveira KD, Ferreira AJ, Teixeira MM (2013) ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor axis in inflammation and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 169:477–492 PubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Yeager CL, Ashmun RA, Williams RK, Cardellichio CB, Shapiro LH, Look AT, Holmes KV (1992) Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E. Nature 357:420–422 PubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Turner AJ, Hiscox JA, Hooper NM (2004) ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:291–294 PubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Chen Y, Guo Y, Pan Y, Zhao Z (2020) Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.071 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Lambert DW, Yarski M, Warner FJ, Thornhill P, Parkin ET, Smith AI, Hooper NM, Turner AJ (2005) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). J Biol Chem 280:30113–30119 PubMed

29.

Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, Wall A, McGuire AT, Veesler D (2020) Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S (2020) SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

Dijkman R, Jebbink MF, Deijs M, Milewska A, Pyrc K, Buelow E, van der Bijl A, van der Hoek L (2012) Replication-dependent downregulation of cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein expression by human coronavirus NL63. J Gen Virol 93:1924–1929 PubMed

32.

Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, Huan Y, Yang P, Zhang Y, Deng W, Bao L, Zhang B, Liu G, Wang Z, Chappell M, Liu Y, Zheng D, Leibbrandt A, Wada T, Slutsky AS, Liu D, Qin C, Jiang C, Penninger JM (2005) A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury. Nat Med 11:875–879 PubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Gu H, Xie Z, Li T, Zhang S, Lai C, Zhu P, Wang K, Han L, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Yang X, Xing L, Zhang P, Wang Z, Li R, Yu JJ, Wang X, Yang P (2016) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus. Sci Rep 6:19840 PubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Zou Z, Yan Y, Shu Y, Gao R, Sun Y, Li X, Ju X, Liang Z, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Guo F, Bai T, Han Z, Zhu J, Zhou H, Huang F, Li C, Lu H, Li N, Li D, Jin N, Penninger JM, Jiang C (2014) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infections. Nat Commun 5:3594 PubMed

35.

Jia H (2016) Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and inflammatory lung disease. Shock 46:239–248 PubMed

36.

Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, Huan Y, Guo F, Guan B, Yang P, Sarao R, Wada T, Leong-Poi H, Crackower MA, Fukamizu A, Hui CC, Hein L, Uhlig S, Slutsky AS, Jiang C, Penninger JM (2005) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 436:112–116 PubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Khan A, Benthin C, Zeno B, Albertson TE, Boyd J, Christie JD, Hall R, Poirier G, Ronco JJ, Tidswell M, Hardes K, Powley WM, Wright TJ, Siederer SK, Fairman DA, Lipson DA, Bayliffe AI, Lazaar AL (2017) A pilot clinical trial of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 21:234 PubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Hamming I, van Goor H, Turner AJ, Rushworth CA, Michaud AA, Corvol P, Navis G (2008) Differential regulation of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 during ACE inhibition and dietary sodium restriction in healthy rats. Exp Physiol 93:631–638 PubMed

39.

Ocaranza MP, Godoy I, Jalil JE, Varas M, Collantes P, Pinto M, Roman M, Ramirez C, Copaja M, Diaz-Araya G, Castro P, Lavandero S (2006) Enalapril attenuates downregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the late phase of ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarcted rat. Hypertension 48:572–578 PubMed

40.

Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Chappell MC, Averill DB, Brosnihan KB, Tallant EA, Diz DI, Gallagher PE (2005) Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation 111:2605–2610 PubMed

41.

Epelman S, Shrestha K, Troughton RW, Francis GS, Sen S, Klein AL, Tang WH (2009) Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes. J Card Fail 15:565–571 PubMedPubMedCentral

42.

Walters TE, Kalman JM, Patel SK, Mearns M, Velkoska E, Burrell LM (2017) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity and human atrial fibrillation: increased plasma angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity is associated with atrial fibrillation and more advanced left atrial structural remodelling. Europace 19:1280–1287 PubMed

43.

Hemnes AR, Rathinasabapathy A, Austin EA, Brittain EL, Carrier EJ, Chen X, Fessel JP, Fike CD, Fong P, Fortune N, Gerszten RE, Johnson JA, Kaplowitz M, Newman JH, Piana R, Pugh ME, Rice TW, Robbins IM, Wheeler L, Yu C, Loyd JE, West J (2018) A potential therapeutic role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02638-2017 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Yang ZJ, Liu J, Ge JP, Chen L, Zhao ZG, Yang WY, China National Diabetes, and Metabolic Disorders Study Group (2012) Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factor in the Chinese population: the 2007–2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. Eur Heart J 33:213–220 PubMed

45.

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y (2020) Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Merler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio AM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A, COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network (2020) Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Hao G, Zhang Z, Shao L, Tian Y, Dong Y, Zheng C, Wang J, Zhu M, Weintraub WS, Gao R, China Hypertension Survey Investigators (2018) Status of hypertension in China: Results from the China hypertension survey, 2012–2015. Circulation 137:2344–2356 PubMed

49.

Liu LS, Writing Group of 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (2011) 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 39:579–615 PubMed

50.

Schwabe U, Paffrath D, Ludwig WD, Klauber J (2019) Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59046-1

51.

Lu J, Lu Y, Wang X, Li X, Linderman GC, Wu C, Cheng X, Mu L, Zhang H, Liu J, Su M, Zhao H, Spatz ES, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Krumholz HM, Jiang L (2017) Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1·7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project). Lancet 390:2549–2558 PubMed

52.

Kuster GM, Pfister O, Burkard T, Zhou Q, Twerenbold R, Haaf P, Widmer AF, Osswald S (2020) SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19? Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa235 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

53.

Bavishi C, Maddox TM, Messerli FH (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and renin angiotensin system blockers. JAMA Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1282 CrossRefPubMed

54.

Patel AB, Verma A (2020) COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: what is the evidence? JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4812 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

55.

Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M (2020) Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med 8:e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Sommerstein R, Gräni C (2020) Preventing a COVID-19 pandemic: ACE inhibitors as a potential risk factor for fatal COVID-19. BMJ 368:m810

57.

Diaz JH (2020) Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19. Travel Med. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa041 CrossRef

58.

Esler M, Esler D (2020) Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? J Hypertens 38:781–782 PubMed

59.

Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M (2020) Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231 CrossRefPubMed

60.

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X et al (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395(10223):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS et al (2019) Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 40:237–269. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462 CrossRefPubMed

62.

Mueller M, Biener M, Vafaie M et al (2012) Absolute and relative kinetic changes of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in acute coronary syndrome and in patients with increased troponin in the absence of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chem 58(1):209–218 PubMed

63.

Giannitsis E, Katus HA (2013) Cardiac troponin level elevations not related to acute coronary syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol 10(11):623–634. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2013.129 CrossRefPubMed

64.

McFalls EO, Larsen G, Johnson GR et al (2011) Outcomes of hospitalized patients with non-acute coronary syndrome and elevated cardiac troponin level. Am J Med 124(7):630–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.02.024 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

65.

Iversen K, Køber L, Gøtze JP et al (2013) Troponin T is a strong marker of mortality in hospitalized patients. Int J Cardiol 168(2):818–824 PubMed

66.

Kwong JC, Schwartz KL, Campitelli MA et al (2018) Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. N Engl J Med 378(4):345–353. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1702090 CrossRefPubMed

67.

Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, Italia L, Raffo M, Tomasoni D, Cani DS, Cerini M, Farina D, Gavazzi E, Maroldi R, Adamo M, Ammirati E, Sinagra G, Lombardi CM, Metra M (2020) Cardiac involvement in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Li SS, Cheng CW, Fu CL et al (2003) Left ventricular performance in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 30-day echocardiographic follow-up study. Circulation 108(15):1798–1803. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000094737.21775.32 CrossRefPubMed

69.

Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Liaudet L, Pacher P (2015) Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309(9):H1453–H1467. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00554.2015 (Epub 2015 Sep 18) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Wilhelm J, Hettwer S, Schuermann M et al (2014) Elevated troponin in septic patients in the emergency department: frequency, causes, and prognostic implications. Clin Res Cardiol 103(7):561–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-014-0684-4 CrossRefPubMed

71.

Vasile VC, Chai HS, Abdeldayem D, Afessa B, Jaffe AS (2013) Elevated cardiac troponin T levels in critically ill patients with sepsis. Am J Med 126(12):1114–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.029 CrossRefPubMed

72.

Landesberg G, Jaffe AS, Gilon D et al (2014) Troponin elevation in severe sepsis and septic shock: the role of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and right ventricular dilatation*. Crit Care Med 42(4):790–800. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000107 CrossRefPubMed

73.

Turer AT, Addo TA, Martin JL et al (2011) Myocardial ischemia induced by rapid atrial pacing causes troponin T release detectable by a highly sensitive assay: insights from a coronary sinus sampling study. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(24):2398–2405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.066 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Siriwardena M, Campbell V, Richards AM, Pemberton CJ (2012) Cardiac biomarker responses to dobutamine stress echocardiography in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 58(10):1492–1494 PubMed

75.

Lai A, Bergna A, Acciarri C, Galli M, Zehender G (2020) Early phylogenetic estimate of the effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25723 (Epub ahead of print) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

76.

Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H et al (2020) Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642 (published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 26) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

77.

Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z (2020) Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 18(4):844–847. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

78.

https://www.acc.org/latest-incardiology/articles-/2020/03/18/15/25/troponin-and-bnp-use-in-covid19

79.

Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP et al (2016) 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 37(3):267–315 PubMed

80.

Stoyanov KM, Hund H, Biener M et al (2020) RAPID-CPU: a prospective study on implementation of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm and safety of discharge after rule-out of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 9(1):39–51 PubMed

81.

Twerenbold R, Costabel JP, Nestelberger T et al (2019) Outcome of applying the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 74(4):483–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.046 CrossRefPubMed

82.

Lindahl B, Venge P, James S (2010) The new high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay improves risk assessment in acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 160(2):224–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.023 (published correction appears in Am Heart J. 2011 Feb;161(2):425) CrossRefPubMed

83.

Jobs A, Mehta SR, Montalescot G et al (2017) Optimal timing of an invasive strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 390(10096):737–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31490-3 CrossRefPubMed

84.

(2020) ACC Clinical Bulletin: COVID 19 Clinical Guidance For the CV Care Team. https://www.acc.org/~/media/Non-Clinical/Files-PDFs-Excel-MS-Word-etc/2020/02/S20028-ACC-Clinical-Bulletin-Coronavirus.pdf. Accessed 13 April 2020

85.

Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Bondi-Zoccai G, Brown TS, Nigoghossian C, Zidar DA, Haythe J, Brodie D, Beckman JA, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW, Krumholz HM, Parikh SA (2020) Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

86.

https://dgk.org/daten/echo-anleitung-in-zeiten-von-covid-19_final-1.pdf

87.

American College of Cardiology (2020) COVID-19 Clinical Guidance For the Cardiovascular Care Team. https://www.acc.org/~/media/Non-Clinical/Files-PDFs-Excel-MS-Word-etc/2020/02/S20028-ACC-Clinical-Bulletin-Coronavirus.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2020

88.

Alon D, Stein GY, Korenfeld R, Fuchs S (2013) Predictors and outcomes of infection-related hospital admissions of heart failure patients. PLoS ONE 8:e72476. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072476 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

89.

Sandoval C, Walter SD, Krueger P, Smieja M, Smith A, Yusuf S, Loeb MB (2007) Risk of hospitalization during influenza season among a cohort of patients with congestive heart failure. Epidemiol Infect 135:574–582. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026880600714X CrossRefPubMed

90.

Kytömaa S, Hegde S, Claggett B, Udell JA, Rosamond W, Temte J, Nichol K, Wright JD, Solomon SD, Vardeny O (2019) Association of influenza-like illness activity with hospitalizations for heart failure: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. JAMA Cardiol 4(4):363–369. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0549 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

91.

Modin D, Jorgensen ME, Gislason G, Jensen JS, Kober L, Claggett B, Hegde SM, Solomon SD, Torp-Pedersen C, Biering-Sørensen T (2019) Influenza vaccine in heart failure: cumulative number of vaccinations, frequency, timing, and survival: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 139:575–589. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036788 CrossRefPubMed

92.

Chan JW, Ng CK, Chan YH, Mok TY, Lee S, Chu SY, Law WL, Lee MP, Li PC (2003) Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Thorax 58(8):686–689 PubMedPubMedCentral

93.

Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, Bi Z, Zhao Y (2020) Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol 109:531–538 PubMed

94.

Chen L, Hao G (2020) The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa093 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

95.

Sala S, Peretto G, Gramegna M, Palmisano A, Villatore A, Vignale D, De Cobelli F, Tresoldi M, Cappelletti AM, Basso C, Godino C, Esposito A (2020) Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. Eur Heart J. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa286 CrossRefPubMed

96.

Yao XH, Li TY, He ZC et al (2020) A pathological report of three covid-19 cases by minimally invasive autopsies. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 49:E009

97.

Karakike E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ (2019) Macrophage activation-like syndrome: a distinct entity leading to early death in sepsis. Front Immunol 31(10):55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00055 CrossRef

98.

Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK (2020) COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 395(10229):1033–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

99.

Pathan N, Hemingway CA, Alizadeh AA, Stephens AC, Boldrick JC, Oragui EE, McCabe C, Welch SB, Whitney A, O'Gara P, Nadel S, Relman DA, Harding SE, Levin M (2004) Role of interleukin 6 in myocardial dysfunction of meningococcal septic shock. Lancet 363(9404):203–209 PubMed

100.

Madjid M, Safavi-Naeini P, Solomon SD, Vardeny O (2020) Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286 CrossRefPubMed

101.

Shakoory B, Carcillo JA, Chatham WW, Amdur RL, Zhao H, Dinarello CA, Cron RQ, Opal SM (2016) Interleukin-1 receptor blockade is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of macrophage activation syndrome: reanalysis of a prior phase III trial. Crit Care Med 44(2):275–281. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001402 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

102.

Xu X, Han M, Li T, Sun W, Wang D, Fu B, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang X, Pan A, Wei H. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. PNAS. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005615117 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

103.

Favalli EG, Biggioggero M, Maioli G, Caporali R (2020) Baricitinib for COVID-19: a suitable treatment? Lancet Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30262-0 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

104.

(2020) Losartan for patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04312009.

Titel: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation
verfasst von: Michael Böhm
Norbert Frey
Evangelos Giannitsis
Karen Sliwa
Andreas M. Zeiher
Publikationsdatum: 27.05.2020
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Schlagwörter: COVID-19
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen in der Hausarztpraxis
Koronare Herzerkrankung
Erschienen in: Clinical Research in Cardiology / Ausgabe 12/2020
Print ISSN: 1861-0684
Elektronische ISSN: 1861-0692
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01656-3

Corona-Update

Die aktuelle Entwicklung im Überblick: Nachrichten, Webinare, Übersichtsarbeiten.

» zum Update

Hauptrubriken

Service

Fachgebiete

Themen

Sammlungen

Springer Medizin

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation

Abstract

Corona-Update

Hauptrubriken

Service

Fachgebiete

Themen

Sammlungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2020

Disturbing effect of lockdown for COVID-19 on the incidence of infective endocarditis: a word of caution

Capacity changes in German certified chest pain units during COVID-19 outbreak response

Outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in coronavirus disease 2019

Correction to: Off‑the‑shelf barrier for emergency intubation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic

COVID-19 among heart transplant recipients in Germany: a multicenter survey

Corona-Update