Summary
Introduction
Methods
Mobility data
Policy response database
Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA) population database
Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Economico (CEDE) database
Analysis
Epidemiologic Week | Date (mm/dd/yy) | Number of Exceptions (Exc) | Principal Changes |
---|---|---|---|
12 | 3/17/20 | N/A | Legal powers of the president are expanded through State of Emergency |
13 | 3/25/20 | 34 | Mandatory stay-at-home measures. All non-essential commerce is closed through National Lockdown |
15 | 4/8/20 | 35 | One additional exception to the National Lockdown |
17 | 4/24/20 | 41 | Six additional exceptions to the National Lockdown |
19 | 5/6/20 | N/A | Legal powers of the president are expanded |
19 | 5/11/20 | 46 | Outdoor physical activity is allowed in municipalities with a low number of cases |
23 | 6/1/20 | 43 | Reopening of commerce (e.g., hair salons) |
27 | 7/1/20 | 43 | Reopening of restaurants |
32 | 8/1/20 | 44 | One additional exception to the National Lockdown |
36 | 8/1/20 | N/A | End of National Lockdown and shift to municipality- and department-level isolation, stay-at-home, and self-care policies |
Empirical estimation
Overall impacts on cases and deaths
Results
Comparison among weekdays, shoulder days, and weekends
Weekly Segments | Observations |
Mean
| Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Reported COVID Cases per 100,000 Inhabitants per Week | 2255 |
121.47
| 116.01 | .37 | 1163.17 |
New Reported COVID Deaths per 100,000 Inhabitants per Week | 2255 |
3.54
| 4.15 | 0 | 49.42 |
Weekly Mobility | 2736 |
-25.70
| 22.50 | -76.10 | 226.60 |
Weekend Mobility | 2736 |
-31.40
| 21.80 | -81.50 | 162.60 |
Shoulder (Monday and Friday) Mobility | 2660 |
-24.80
| 23.30 | -79.60 | 283.00 |
Midweek (Tuesday—Thursday) Mobility | 2660 |
-22.20
| 23.70 | -74.30 | 284.60 |
Effect of National Lockdown and exceptions
Effect of population density
COVID-19 Cases
(1) Cases one week later
|
(2) Cases two weeks later
|
(3) Cases three weeks later
| |
---|---|---|---|
7 Day Weekly Mobility
| 0.089 | 0.160* | -0.015 |
Standard Errors | (0.090) | (0.097) | (0.096) |
Observations | 1,582 | 1,641 | 1,699 |
R2
| 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.044 |
Weekend Mobility
| 0.124 | 0.305*** | 0.047 |
Standard Errors | (0.116) | (0.112) | (0.111) |
Observations | 1,582 | 1,641 | 1,699 |
R2
| 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.044 |
Shoulder Day Mobility
| 0.065 | 0.050 | 0.072 |
Standard Errors | (0.092) | (0.090) | (0.088) |
Observations | 1521 | 1580 | 1633 |
R2
| 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.032 |
Midweek Mobility
| 0.024 | 0.085 | 0.003 |
Standard Errors | (0.090) | (0.088) | (0.087) |
Observations | 1521 | 1580 | 1633 |
R2
| 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.031 |
COVID-19 Deaths
(1) Deaths one week later
|
(2) Deaths two weeks later
|
(3) Deaths three weeks later
| |
---|---|---|---|
7-Day Weekly Mobility
| 0.0075 | 0.0112** | 0.0011 |
Standard Errors | (0.0048) | (0.0047) | (0.0047) |
Observations | 1,582 | 1,641 | 1,699 |
R2
| 0.0220 | 0.0240 | 0.0200 |
Weekend Mobility
| 0.0132** | 0.0165*** | 0.0038 |
Standard Errors | (0.0056) | (0.0055) | (0.0054) |
Observations | 1,582 | 1,641 | 1,699 |
R2
| 0.024 | 0.026 | 0.021 |
Shoulder Day Mobility
| 0.0059 | 0.0066 | 0.0035 |
Standard Errors | (0.0044) | (0.0043) | (0.0043) |
Observations | 1521 | 1580 | 1633 |
R2
| 0.0230 | 0.0210 | 0.0210 |
Midweek Mobility
| 0.0043 | 0.0052 | 0.0032 |
Standard Errors | (0.0043) | (0.0043) | (0.0042) |
Observations | 1521 | 1580 | 1633 |
R2
| 0.0230 | 0.0210 | 0.0210 |
Line | Item | All days | Weekend days | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | Standard error of the estimate | Estimate | Standard error of the estimate | ||
(1) | Mobility: Percentage point reduction from March 2, 2020 | ||||
(2) | Best quartile municipality | 40.60 | n.a | 46.65 | n.a |
(3) | Median municipality | 28.24 | n.a | 34.80 | n.a |
(4) | Difference (potential improvement) [(2)-(3)] | 12.36 | n.a | 11.85 | n.a |
(5) | Regression coefficient of mobility on municipality's weekly rate per 100,000 population of: | ||||
(6) | Reported COVID-19 cases | 0.1600 | 0.0097 | 0.3050 | 0.1120 |
(7) | Reported COVID-19 deaths | 0.0112 | 0.0047 | 0.0165 | 0.0055 |
(8) | Impact of potential improvement in mobility on municipality's weekly rate per 100,000 population on: | ||||
(9) | COVID-19 cases [(4) x (6)] | 1.9776 | 0.1199 | 3.6143 | 1.3272 |
(10) | COVID-19 deaths [(4) x (7)] | 0.1384 | 0.0581 | 0.1955 | 0.0652 |
(11) | Days per week restricted | 7.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 |
(12) | Weeks per year | 52.00 | 0.00 | 52.00 | 0.00 |
(13) | Potential improvement in municipality's rate per 100,000 person-years of restricted mobility on: | ||||
(14) | COVID-19 cases [(9) x (12) / (11)] | 14.69 | 0.89 | 93.97 | 34.51 |
(15) | COVID-19 deaths [(10) x (12) / (11)] | 1.03 | 0.43 | 5.08 | 1.69 |
(16) | Relative potential improvement in municipality's rate per 100,000 person-years of restricted mobility on:a
| ||||
(17) | COVID-19 cases [derived from (14)] | 1.00 | n.a | 6.40 | n.a |
(18) | COVID-19 deaths [derived from (15)] | 1.00 | n.a | 4.94 | n.a |
Simulation of impact of mobility restrictions
Line | Description | Value | Standard error | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | Impact of potential reduction in mobility on municipality's weekly rate per 100,000 population | |||
(2) | Reported COVID-19 cases | 1.9776 | 0.1199 | Table 5 |
(3) | Reported COVID-19 deaths | 0.1384 | 0.0581 | Table 5 |
(4) | Average municipality weekly rate per 100,000 population (3/1/20 through 10/31/20) | |||
(5) | Reported COVID-19 cases | 121.47 | n.a | Table 4 |
(6) | Reported COVID-19 deaths | 3.54 | n.a | Table 5 |
(7) | As percentage of average weekly rate | |||
(8) | Reported COVID-19 cases | 1.63% | 0.10% | (5) / (8) |
(9) | Reported COVID-19 deaths | 3.91% | 1.64% | (6) / (9) |
(10) | Aggregate cumulative numbers through 10/31/20 | |||
(11) | Reported COVID-19 cases | 1,053,122 | n.a | WHO (2022) |
(12) | Reported COVID-19 deaths | 30,926 | n.a | WHO (2022) |
(13) | Projected national COVID-19 cases and deaths that would have been averted through 10/31/20 through greater mobility reductions | |||
(14) | Number of COVID-19 cases averted | 17,145 | 1,039 | (8) x (11) |
(15) | Number of COVID-19 deaths averted | 1,209 | 508 | (9) x (12) |