The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2019–2021: Disparities by Age and Gender

We evaluated COVID-19’s impact on HIV care indicators among INI/FIOCRUZ’s HIV Clinical Cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: (1) Adequate care visits: two visits ≥ 90 days apart; (2) Adequate viral load monitoring: ≥ 2 viral load results ≥ 90 days apart; (3) Consistent viral suppression: all viral loads < 40 copies/mL; and (4) ART medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥ 95%. Chi-square tests compared the fraction of participants meeting each indicator per period: pre-pandemic (3/1/2019–2/29/2020) and post-pandemic (3/1/2020–2/28/2021). Logistic regression models were used to assess disparities in adequate care visits. Among 906 participants, care visits and viral load monitoring decreased pre-pandemic to post-pandemic: 77.0–55.1% and 36.6–11.6% (both p < 0.001), respectively. The optimal MPR rate improved from 25.5 to 40.0% (p < 0.001). Post-pandemic period (aOR 0.33, CI 0.28–0.40), transgender women (aOR 0.34, CI 0.22–0.53), and those aged 18–24 years (aOR 0.67, CI 0.45–0.97) had lower odds of adequate care visits. COVID-19 disrupted care access disproportionately for transgender women and younger participants.