nach oben

Erschienen in:

01.08.2018 | Original Article

Effect of passive heat exposure on cardiac autonomic function in healthy children

verfasst von: Gary J. Hodges, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Matthew M. Mallette, Panagiota Klentrou, Bareket Falk, Stephen S. Cheung

Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Ausgabe 10/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of passive heat stress on heart rate variability parameters in healthy children.

Method

Fifteen children (9.3 ± 1.6 years) of both sexes (eight male) participated in two randomized experimental conditions separated by 5–12 days. Children were seated for 2 h in an environmental chamber for two sessions: neutral (22.4 ± 0.1 °C, 40.4 ± 6.5% RH) and hot (34.9 ± 0.3 °C, 36.6 ± 6.2% RH) conditions. Electrocardiogram, mean skin temperature, tympanic temperature, and blood pressure were recorded. Five min epochs were averaged for analysis of cardiac autonomic function over the 2-h protocol.

Result

Mean skin and tympanic temperatures and heart rate increased during the hot condition (all p < 0.01) while mean arterial pressure decreased (p < 0.01). During the hot condition, root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (45 ± 9 to 38 ± 7 ms), and low- (LF, 1536 ± 464 vs. 935 ± 154 ms²) and high-frequency power (HF, 1544 ± 693 vs. 866 ± 355 ms²) decreased, whereas LF/HF ratio increased (1.64 ± 0.24 vs. 2.40 ± 0.23 au); all indices were different from neutral (all p < 0.05). These were all unchanged throughout the neutral condition (all p > 0.05), except for LF/HF ratio which decreased during the neutral condition (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Mild hyperthermia elicited marked changes in cardiac autonomic control in young children. These data suggest that, in healthy children, vagal withdrawal is responsible for the cardiac autonomic response to hyperthermia.

Billman GE (2013) The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. Front Physiol 4:26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00026 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brenner IK, Thomas S, Shephard RJ (1997) Spectral analysis of heart rate variability during heat exposure and repeated exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 76:145–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050227 CrossRef

Brown TE, Beightol LA, Koh J, Eckberg DL (1993) Important influence of respiration on human R-R interval power spectra is largely ignored. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985 75:2310–2317. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.5.2310 CrossRef

Carrillo AE, Cheung SS, Flouris AD (2013) Autonomic nervous system modulation during accidental syncope induced by heat and orthostatic stress. Aviat Space Environ Med 84:722–725CrossRefPubMed

Carrillo AE, Flouris AD, Herry CL et al (2016) Heart rate variability during high heat stress: a comparison between young and older adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 311:R669–R675. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00176.2016 CrossRefPubMed

Davies CT (1981) Effect of acclimatization to heat on the regulation of sweating during moderate and severe exercise. J Appl Physiol 50:741–746. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.741 CrossRefPubMed

Drinkwater BL, Kupprat IC, Denton JE et al (1977) Response of prepubertal girls and college women to work in the heat. J Appl Physiol 43:1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1977.43.6.1046 CrossRefPubMed

Falk B, Dotan R (2008) Children’s thermoregulation during exercise in the heat: a revisit. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab Physiol Appl Nutr Metab 33:420–427. https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-185 CrossRef

Gouveia N, Hajat S, Armstrong B (2003) Socioeconomic differentials in the temperature-mortality relationship in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Epidemiol 32:390–397CrossRefPubMed

Grutter G, Giordano U, Alfieri S et al (2012) Heart rate variability abnormalities in young patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol 33:1171–1174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0277-9 CrossRefPubMed

Hautala AJ, Mäkikallio TH, Seppänen T et al (2003) Short-term correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics at different exercise intensity levels. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 23:215–223CrossRefPubMed

Hodges GJ, Johnson JM (2009) Adrenergic control of the human cutaneous circulation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab Physiol Appl Nutr Metab 34:829–839. https://doi.org/10.1139/H09-076 CrossRef

Hodges GJ, Sharp L, Clements RE et al (2010) Influence of age, sex, and aerobic capacity on forearm and skin blood flow and vascular conductance. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:1009–1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1441-7 CrossRefPubMed

Ichinose M, Koga S, Fujii N et al (2007) Modulation of the spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations in peripheral vascular resistance during activation of muscle metaboreflex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293:H416–H424. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01196.2006 CrossRefPubMed

Inbar O, Morris N, Epstein Y, Gass G (2004) Comparison of thermoregulatory responses to exercise in dry heat among prepubertal boys, young adults and older males. Exp Physiol 89:691–700. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2004.027979 CrossRefPubMed

Johnson JM, Minson CT, Kellogg DL (2014) Cutaneous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor mechanisms in temperature regulation. Compr Physiol 4:33–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c130015 CrossRefPubMed

Johnson BD, Sackett JR, Sarker S, Schlader ZJ (2017) Face cooling increases blood pressure during central hypovolemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 313:R594–R600. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00253.2017 CrossRefPubMed

Jokinen E, Välimäki I (1991) Children in sauna: electrocardiographic abnormalities. Acta Paediatr Scand 80:370–374CrossRefPubMed

Jokinen E, Välimäki I, Antila K et al (1990) Children in sauna: cardiovascular adjustment. Pediatrics 86:282–288PubMed

Julien C (2006) The enigma of Mayer waves: facts and models. Cardiovasc Res 70:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.11.008 CrossRefPubMed

King MA, Clanton TL, Laitano O (2016) Hyperthermia, dehydration, and osmotic stress: unconventional sources of exercise-induced reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310(2):R105–R114. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00395.2015 CrossRefPubMed

Malik M, Bigger JT, Camm AJ, Kleiger RE, Malliani A, Moss AJ, Schwartz PJ (1996) Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J 17:354–381CrossRef

Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S (1991) Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 84:482–492CrossRefPubMed

Martin HL, Loomis JL, Kenney WL (1995) Maximal skin vascular conductance in subjects aged 5–85 year. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985 79:297–301. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.297 CrossRef

Massin M, von Bernuth G (1997) Normal ranges of heart rate variability during infancy and childhood. Pediatr Cardiol 18:297–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002469900178 CrossRefPubMed

Nadel ER, Horvath SM (1970) Comparison of tympanic membrane and deep body temperatures in man. Life Sci Pt 1 Physiol Pharmacol 9:869–875

Niven DJ, Gaudet JE, Laupland KB et al (2015) Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 163:768–777. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-1150 CrossRefPubMed

Penttilä J, Helminen A, Jartti T et al (2001) Time domain, geometrical and frequency domain analysis of cardiac vagal outflow: effects of various respiratory patterns. Clin Physiol Oxf Engl 21:365–376CrossRef

Ramanathan NL (1964) A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol 19:531–533. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1964.19.3.531 CrossRefPubMed

Rowell LB (1974) Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiol Rev 54:75–159. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1974.54.1.75 CrossRefPubMed

Rowland T (2008) Thermoregulation during exercise in the heat in children: old concepts revisited. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985 105:718–724. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01196.2007 CrossRef

Schlader ZJ, O’Leary MC, Sackett JR, Johnson BD (2018) Face cooling reveals a relative inability to increase cardiac parasympathetic activation during passive heat stress. Exp Physiol 103:701–713. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP086865 CrossRefPubMed

Silva CC, Bertollo M, Reichert FF et al (2017) Reliability of heart rate variability in children: influence of sex and body position during data collection. Pediatr Exerc Sci 29:228–236. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0085 CrossRefPubMed

Sinclair WH, Crowe MJ, Spinks WL, Leicht AS (2007) Pre-pubertal children and exercise in hot and humid environments: a brief review. J Sports Sci Med 6:385–392PubMedPubMedCentral

Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH (1975) Revised standards for triceps and subscapular skinfolds in British children. Arch Dis Child 50:142–145CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tew GA, Saxton JM, Hodges GJ (2012) Exercise training and the control of skin blood flow in older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 16:237–241CrossRefPubMed

Tsuji H, Larson MG, Venditti FJ et al (1996) Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. Fram Heart Study Circ 94:2850–2855CrossRef

Tulppo MP, Mäkikallio TH, Takala TE et al (1996) Quantitative beat-to-beat analysis of heart rate dynamics during exercise. Am J Physiol 271:H244–H252. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.H244 CrossRefPubMed

van de Borne P, Montano N, Pagani M et al (1997) Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure. Circulation 95:1449–1454CrossRefPubMed

Vanos JK (2015) Children’s health and vulnerability in outdoor microclimates: a comprehensive review. Environ Int 76:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.016 CrossRefPubMed

Xu Z, Etzel RA, Su H et al (2012) Impact of ambient temperature on children’s health: a systematic review. Environ Res 117:120–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.002 CrossRefPubMed

Yamamoto S, Iwamoto M, Inoue M, Harada N (2007) Evaluation of the effect of heat exposure on the autonomic nervous system by heart rate variability and urinary catecholamines. J Occup Health 49:199–204CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Effect of passive heat exposure on cardiac autonomic function in healthy children
verfasst von: Gary J. Hodges
Antti M. Kiviniemi
Matthew M. Mallette
Panagiota Klentrou
Bareket Falk
Stephen S. Cheung
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Ausgabe 10/2018
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Elektronische ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3957-1

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Beginnend mit den 1920er-Jahren hat sich eine Vorstellung über die Geschlechterdifferenzen in Gesundheit und Mortalität etabliert, die von Lorber und Moore in dem einprägsamen Satz: „Women get sicker, but men die quicker“, zusammengefasst wurde [ 1 …, S. 13]. Tatsächlich erscheinen vor dem Hintergrund der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen die Studienergebnisse zu den Geschlechterdifferenzen in der Morbidität überraschend, wonach Frauen im Durchschnitt einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand aufweisen als Männer [

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Open Access Leitthema

Die demographische Alterung hat vielfältige gesellschaftliche Konsequenzen, deren Ausmaß wesentlich vom Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung abhängt. Um diesen analysieren und bewerten zu können, wurden spezielle Kennziffern entwickelt, die in …

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Open Access Hüftgelenksbewegungseinschränkung Leitthema

Deutschland erfährt, wie andere Hocheinkommensstaaten, aufgrund kontinuierlich rückläufiger Mortalität und niedriger Geburtenraten tiefgreifende demografische Veränderungen. Der demografische Wandel führt in Deutschland zu einem zunehmend höheren …

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht

Open Access Klimawandel Übersichtsartikel

Im Sommer 2023 kündigte das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) einen nationalen Hitzeschutzplan an und forderte die Länder auf, zu prüfen, „ob die Warnstufen des [Deutschen Wetterdienstes] DWD mit der Durchführung von Akutmaßnahmen …

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Result

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2018

Effects of repeated long-duration water immersions on skeletal muscle performance in well-trained male divers

Analysis of oxygen uptake efficiency parameters in young people with cystic fibrosis

Compression socks and the effects on coagulation and fibrinolytic activation during marathon running

Aortic stiffness, central pulse pressure and cognitive function following acute resistance exercise

Muscle fatigue in response to low-load blood flow-restricted elbow-flexion exercise: are there any sex differences?

Neuromuscular and perceptual responses to moderate-intensity incline, level and decline treadmill exercise

Neu im Fachgebiet Arbeitsmedizin

Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?

Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators

Wie hat sich die Lebenserwartung ohne funktionelle Einschränkungen in Deutschland entwickelt? Eine Analyse mit Daten des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS)

Hitzeschutz im Fokus der hessischen Betreuungs- und Pflegeaufsicht