Introduction
Materials and methods
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Data extraction and quality assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Study selection and characteristics
Study (year) | Country | Study design | Sample size | Follow-up period | Mean age (years) | Male/Female | SCr (μmol/L) | Proteinuria (g/day) | uPCR (mg/g) | Serum albumin (g/l) | Systolic BP (mmHg) | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | ACEI and/or ARB treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li J (2012) [17] | China | RCT | TAC group:21 | 48 weeks | 42.1 ± 20.2 | 3/4 | 85.1 ± 17.9 | 6.1 ± 3.7 | - | 20.4 ± 4.9 | 118.4 ± 12.4 | 73.6 ± 6.7 | + |
Steroid group:20 | 46.6 ± 20.7 | 11/8 | 84.4 ± 11.5 | 7.1 ± 3.2 | 21.5 ± 5.6 | 121.8 ± 13.2 | 76.4 ± 6.4 | ||||||
Li XY (2012) [18] | China | RCT | TAC group:27 | 36 weeks | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ? |
Steroid group:28 | |||||||||||||
Patil (2019) [19] | India | RCT | TAC group:25 | 18 months | 28 ± 8 | 15/10 | 79.6 ± 17.6 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | - | 25 ± 0.5 | 109 ± 19 | 66 ± 8 | + |
Steroid group:23 | 28 ± 7 | 15/8 | 88.4 ± 26.5 | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 22 ± 0.4 | 104 ± 15 | 73 ± 10 | ||||||
Thomas (2020) [20] | United Kingdom | RCT | TAC group:27 | 82 weeks | 43 | 12/15 | 72.5 | – | 7717 | 15 | 126 | 73 | + |
Steroid group:25 | 39 | 15/10 | 71.6 | 6504 | 17 | 128 | 80 |
Study | Treatment time of TAC | TAC therapy regimens | Treatment time of steroid | Steroid therapy regimens |
---|---|---|---|---|
Li J (2012) [17] | 48 weeks | Oral TAC was administered at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/d (T0 levels of 5–8 ng/mL in the first 24 weeks and T0 levels of 3–6 ng/mL in the second 24 weeks) | 48 weeks | Oral steroid was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d (a maximum dose of 60 mg/d)for 8 weeks and tapered 5 mg every week to 30 mg/d, which was maintained for 2 months, and tapered gradually to 10 mg/d maintained for the end |
Li XY (2012) [18] | 36 weeks | Intravenous use of methylprednisone was given in the first 10 days. Oral TAC was administered at a dose of 1–2 mg/d (T0 levels of 5–10 ng/mL) and maintained for 2 months after CR, and tapered gradually (T0 levels of 3–8 ng/mL) | 36 weeks | Intravenous use of methylprednisone was given in the first 10 days. Oral steroid was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d and maintained for 2 weeks after CR, and tapered gradually |
Patil (2019) [19] | 12 months | Oral TAC was administered at a dose of 0.075 mg/kg/d (T0 levels of 8–10 ng/mL) and maintained for 3 months after CR, and tapered to 0.05 mg/kg/d (T0 levels of 4–8 ng/mL)until total duration of 12 months | 6 months | Oral steroid was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d (a maximum dose of 80 mg/d)with gradual tapering |
Thomas (2020) [20] | 26–52 weeks | Oral TAC was administered at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/d (T0 levels of 6–8 ng/mL). In the event of inadequate clinical response at 8 weeks treatment, T0 levels was increased to 9–12 ng/ml. 12 weeks after achieving CR, the TAC doses were gradually reduced over 8 weeks and stopped | 14–29 weeks | Oral steroid was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d (a maximum dose of 60 mg/d). 1 week after achieving CR, the steroid dose was halved for 4–6 weeks then gradually reduced and stopped over a further 6 weeks |