Introduction
Literature review
Definition of healthy aging
Association among different dimensions of health
The components of multidimensional health
Relationship between multidimensional health
Relationship between health and life satisfaction
Influence of health behaviors on health
Research framework
Data and methods
Data
Variables
Methods
Model specification
Structure learning
Parameter learning
Analysis and results
Descriptive statistics
Variable | Category | All | Year = 2011 | Year = 2014 | Year = 2018 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | N | P | N | P | N | P | ||
Sex | 0 | 2598 | 49.15% | 866 | 49.15% | 866 | 49.15% | 866 | 49.15% |
1 | 2688 | 50.85% | 896 | 50.85% | 896 | 50.85% | 896 | 50.85% | |
City | 0 | 4490 | 84.94% | 1505 | 85.41% | 1506 | 85.47% | 1479 | 83.94% |
1 | 796 | 15.06% | 257 | 14.59% | 256 | 14.53% | 283 | 16.06% | |
Age | 1 | 2953 | 55.86% | 1238 | 70.26% | 1051 | 59.65% | 664 | 37.68% |
2 | 1703 | 32.22% | 414 | 23.50% | 537 | 30.48% | 752 | 42.68% | |
3 | 515 | 9.74% | 83 | 4.71% | 139 | 7.89% | 293 | 16.63% | |
4 | 115 | 2.18% | 27 | 1.53% | 35 | 1.99% | 53 | 3.01% | |
Satisfaction | 0 | 180 | 3.41% | 88 | 4.99% | 44 | 2.50% | 48 | 2.72% |
1 | 5106 | 96.59% | 1674 | 95.01% | 1718 | 97.50% | 1714 | 97.28% | |
Self-rated health | 0 | 665 | 12.58% | 214 | 12.15% | 226 | 12.83% | 225 | 12.77% |
1 | 4621 | 87.42% | 1548 | 87.85% | 1536 | 87.17% | 1537 | 87.23% | |
Mental health | 0 | 3798 | 71.85% | 1210 | 68.67% | 1255 | 71.23% | 1333 | 75.65% |
1 | 1488 | 28.15% | 552 | 31.33% | 507 | 28.77% | 429 | 24.35% | |
Health behaviors | 0 | 4286 | 81.08% | 1403 | 79.63% | 1435 | 81.44% | 1448 | 82.18% |
1 | 1000 | 18.92% | 359 | 20.37% | 327 | 18.56% | 314 | 17.82% | |
Social health | 0 | 3744 | 70.83% | 1191 | 67.59% | 1223 | 69.41% | 1330 | 75.48% |
1 | 1542 | 29.17% | 571 | 32.41% | 539 | 30.59% | 432 | 24.52% | |
Physical health | 0 | 2333 | 44.14% | 593 | 33.65% | 694 | 39.39% | 1046 | 59.36% |
1 | 2953 | 55.86% | 1169 | 66.35% | 1068 | 60.61% | 716 | 40.64% | |
Economic status | 1 | 583 | 11.03% | 246 | 13.96% | 164 | 9.31% | 173 | 9.82% |
2 | 3647 | 68.99% | 1185 | 67.25% | 1277 | 72.47% | 1185 | 67.25% | |
3 | 1056 | 19.98% | 331 | 18.79% | 321 | 18.22% | 404 | 22.93% | |
Marriage | 0 | 2376 | 44.95% | 697 | 39.56% | 761 | 43.19% | 918 | 52.10% |
1 | 2910 | 55.05% | 1065 | 60.44% | 1001 | 56.81% | 844 | 47.90% |
Results of structure learning
Results of parameter learning
Changes in health, life satisfaction, and health behaviors given socio-demographic status
Socio-demographic status | Physical health(t) | |
---|---|---|
No change | 48.32% | |
Age | 60–79 | 53.45% (10.60%) |
80–89 | 45.04% (-6.80%) | |
90–99 | 45.25% (-6.36%) | |
>=100 | 47.78% (-1.13%) | |
Gender | Woman | 45.74% (-5.34%) |
Man | 50.82% (5.16%) | |
Marriage | No | 46.85% (-3.06%) |
Yes | 49.93% (3.33%) |
Socio-demographic status | Health behaviors(t) | Social health(t) | |
---|---|---|---|
No change | 17.89% | 24.04% | |
Residence | Rural | 13.63% (-23.84%) | 23.18% (-3.56%) |
Urban | 40.15% (124.40%) | 28.51% (18.58%) |
Socio-demographic status | Self-rated health(t) | Mental health(t) | Satisfaction(t) | Health behaviors(t) |
---|---|---|---|---|
No change | 87.31% | 29.98% | 96.05% | 17.89% |
Low | 69.07% (-20.88%) | 25.96% (-13.39%) | 84.36% (-12.17%) | 8.56% (-52.17%) |
Medium | 88.22% (1.04%) | 26.23% (-12.52%) | 97.70% (1.72%) | 15.74% (-12.00%) |
High | 92.47% (5.91%) | 42.74% (42.58%) | 96.21% (0.16%) | 28.22% (57.73%) |
Changes in health and life satisfaction given status of multidimensional health
Health | Physical health(t) | |
---|---|---|
No change | 48.32% | |
Mental health | t | 51.74% (7.06%) |
t-1 | 50.26% (4.01%) | |
t-2 | 51.03% (5.59%) |
Health | Physical health (t) | Mental health (t) | Satisfaction (t) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No change | 48.32% | 29.98% | 96.05% | |
Self-rated health | t | 48.40% (0.15%) | 30.38% (1.33%) | 97.54% (1.55%) |
t-1 | 48.41% (0.19%) | 29.97% (-0.03%) | 96.69% (0.67%) | |
t-2 | 48.39% (0.13%) | 30.26% (0.93%) | 96.81% (0.80%) |
Health | Physical health (t) | Mental health (t) | |
---|---|---|---|
No change | 48.32% | 29.98% | |
Social health | t | 52.31% (8.26%) | |
t-1 | 51.39% (6.35%) | 33.84% (12.89%) | |
t-2 | 51.71% (7.01%) | 32.59% (8.70%) |
Changes in multidimensional health given health behaviors
Health behaviors | Physical health (t) | Mental health (t) | Social health (t) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No change | 48.32% | 29.98% | 24.04% | |
Health behaviors | t | 41.93% (39.87%) | 34.67% (44.20%) | |
t-1 | 49.23% (1.88%) | 38.87% (29.65%) | ||
t-2 | 50.11% (3.69%) | 39.72% (32.50%) |
Autoregressive effects
Autoregressive effects | Self-rated health (t) | Physical health (t) | Mental health (t) | Social health (t) | Satisfaction (t) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
no change | 96.05% | 48.32% | 29.98% | 24.04% | 96.05% | |
Self-rated health | t-1 | 89.41% (2.41%) | ||||
t-2 | 88.77% (1.68%) | |||||
Physical health | t-1 | 51.45% (6.46%) | ||||
t-2 | 50.59% (4.69%) | |||||
Mental health | t-1 | 36.45% (21.57%) | ||||
t-2 | 35.65% (18.93%) | |||||
Social health | t-1 | 43.83% (82.34%) | ||||
t-2 | 40.61% (68.91%) | |||||
Satisfaction | t-1 | 96.65% (0.62%) | ||||
t-2 | 96.75% (0.73%) |