Introduction
Aim of the current study
Methods
Data source
Study participants
Exposure to psychotropic medications
Statistical analysis
Data availability statement
Results
Demographic and clinical information
Patients with breast cancer (n = 1564) | Patients without breast cancer (n = 15,640) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at mood disorder diagnosis (years, SD) | 50.42 (11.90) | 50.42 (11.91) | 0.999 |
Age at cancer diagnosis (years, SD) | 54.59 (11.79) | ||
Follow-up duration (years, SD) | 4.17 (2.17) | 4.14 (2.61) | 0.702 |
Diagnosis (n, %) | > 0.999 | ||
Bipolar disorder | 283 (18.1) | 2830 (18.1) | |
Major depressive disorder | 1281 (81.9) | 12,810 (81.9) | |
Medical and mental comorbidities (n, %) | |||
Hypertension | 546 (34.9) | 5540 (35.4) | 0.697 |
Dyslipidemia | 394 (25.2) | 4109 (26.3) | 0.365 |
Diabetes mellitus | 322 (20.6) | 3033 (19.4) | 0.255 |
Obesity | 69 (4.4) | 681 (4.4) | 0.903 |
Smoking | 35 (2.2) | 393 (2.5) | 0.547 |
Alcohol use disorder | 69 (4.4) | 812 (5.2) | 0.208 |
Substance use disorder | 87 (5.6) | 967 (6.2) | 0.347 |
CCI score (SD) | 2.68 (1.66) | 1.13 (1.46) | < 0.001 |
Level of urbanization (n, %) | > 0.999 | ||
1 (most urbanized) | 402 (25.7) | 4020 (25.7) | |
2 | 548 (35.0) | 5480 (35.0) | |
3 | 148 (9.5) | 1480 (9.5) | |
4 | 156 (10.0) | 1560 (10.0) | |
5 (most rural) | 310 (19.8) | 3100 (19.8) | |
Income-related insured amount | > 0.999 | ||
≤ 15,840 NTD/month | 837 (53.5) | 8370 (53.5) | |
15,841 ~ 25,000NTD/month | 440 (28.1) | 4400 (28.1) | |
≥ 25,001NTD/month | 287 (18.4) | 2870 (18.4) | |
All-cause clinical visits (times per year, SD) | 19.62 (18.01) | 16.84 (16.44) | < 0.001 |
Risk of breast cancer in different groups of exposure to mood stabilizers and antidepressants in the patients with BD or MDD
Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All mood stabilizers | Carbamazepine | Valproic acid | Gabapentin | Lamotrigine | Lithium | Oxcarbazepine | |||||||
1315 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1513 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1438 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1549 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1542 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1470 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1554 (9.1) | 1 (ref) |
120 (10.4) | 0.05 (0.85–1.30) | 26 (9.6) | 0.78 (0.50–1.21) | 70 (9.2) | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 9 (10.6) | 0.72 (0.33–1.55) | 14 (8.4) | 0.68 (0.48–1.23) | 39 (9.3) | 0.74 (0.66–1.34) | 5 (11.6) | 0.83 (0.31–2.27) |
0.681 | 0.262 | 0.606 | 0.401 | 0.205 | 0.719 | 0.720 | |||||||
37 (8.5) | 0.84 (0.59–1.21) | 14 (15.9) | 1.48 (0.78–2.82) | 23 (8.0) | 0.76 (0.48–1.20) | 4 (20.0) | 1.58 (0.48–5.25) | 4 (9.1) | 0.99 (0.34–2.87) | 10 (6.2) | 0.69 (0.35–1.37) | 3 (23.1) | 1.64 (0.40–6.70) |
0.359 | 0.234 | 0.240 | 0.452 | 0.978 | 0.287 | 0.490 | |||||||
92 (8.8) | 0.75 (0.59–0.95) | 11 (7.3) | 0.57 (0.29–1.11) | 33 (8.1) | 0.58 (0.39–0.56) | 2 (7.7) | 0.59 (0.13–2.68) | 4 (12.5) | 1.13 (0.35–3.69) | 45 (9.1) | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) | 2 (33.3) | 3.14 (0.53–18.55) |
0.017 | 0.096 | 0.007 | 0.494 | 0.835 | 0.206 | 0.207 | |||||||
Topiramate | All antidepressants | Bupropion | Citalopram | Duloxetine | Escitalopram | Fluoxetine | |||||||
1549 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 402 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1496 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1415 (9.2) | 1 (ref) | 1516 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1472 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1106 (9.1) | 1 (ref) |
12 (10.7) | 0.96 (0.50–1.84) | 417 (8.9) | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 48 (10.7) | 1.10 (0.80–1.52) | 82 (8.4) | 0.79 (0.62–1.02) | 26 (11.1) | 1.13 (0.72–1.77) | 52 (10.0) | 1.05 (0.77–1.44) | 216 (8.5) | 0.82 (0.69–0.90) |
0.889 | 0.477 | 0.566 | 0.067 | 0.587 | 0.764 | 0.014 | |||||||
2 (9.1) | 1.12 (0.25–5.16) | 206 (9.0) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 12 (10.3) | 0.97 (0.51–1.82) | 22 (5.9) | 0.58 (0.37–0.91) | 13 (12.9) | 1.38 (0.75–2.55) | 19 (9.9) | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | 85 (8.9) | 0.83 (0.64–1.06) |
0.880 | 0.459 | 0.914 | 0.018 | 0.300 | 0.788 | 0.138 | |||||||
1 (10.0) | 0.85 (0.10–7.33) | 539 (9.3) | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | 8 (8.0) | 0.67 (0.30–1.47) | 45 (8.7) | 0.77 (0.55–1.08) | 9 (10.8) | 1.14 (0.55–2.37) | 21 (9.8) | 0.80 (0.48–1.32) | 157 (9.8) | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) |
0.879 | 0.002 | 0.317 | 0.125 | 0.726 | 0.386 | 0.109 | |||||||
Fluvoxamine | Milnacipran | Mirtazapine | Paroxetine | Sertraline | Venlafaxine | ||||||||
1479 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1550 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1249 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1301 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1273 (9.3) | 1 (ref) | 1319 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | cDDD < 30 | |
45 (8.8) | 0.95 (0.68–1.31) | 7 (6.2) | 0.95 (0.68–1.31) | 70 (9.2) | 0.55 (0.24–1.56) | 114 (8.4) | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | 132 (7.4) | 0.68 (0.55-.0.82) | 101 (8.2) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | cDDD, ≥ 30, < 180 | |
0.737 | 0.156 | 0.181 | 0.107 | < 0.001 | 0.054 | cDDD, ≥ 180, < 365 | |||||||
14 (8.6) | 0.88 (0.49–1.58) | 5 (13.9) | 0.88 (0.49–1.58) | 24 (8.2) | 1.93 (0.72–5.17) | 55 (10.9) | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 61 (9.5) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 34 (7.1) | 0.69 (0.47–1.00) | cDDD ≥ 365 | |
0.672 | 0.151 | 0.386 | 0.260 | 0.344 | 0.051 | ||||||||
26 (10.5) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | 2 (5.1) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | 41 (9.9) | 0.53 (0.12–2.37) | 94 (11.2) | 1.01 (0.89–1.29) | 98 (9.0) | 0.77 (0.61–0.97) | 110 (11.1) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | ||
0.619 | 0.409 | 0.499 | 0.910 | 0.029 | 0.858 |
Risk of breast cancer in different groups of exposure to antipsychotics in the patents with BD or MDD
Event (%) | OR (95% CI; p) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) | Event (%) | OR (95% CI; P) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All SGA | Amisulpiride | Aripiprazole | Clozapine | Olanzapine | Quetiapine | ||||||
1378 (9.2) | 1 (ref) | 1547 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1552 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1552 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1517 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1467 (9.0) | 1 (ref) |
75 (7.0) | 0.58 (0.44–0.75) | 10 (7.7) | 0.59 (0.29–1.21) | 8 (7.5) | 0.77 (0.36–1.63) | 3 (4.1) | 0.35 (0.11–1.15) | 19 (6.5) | 0.54 (0.33–0.89) | 53 (9.2) | 0.74 (0.54–1.02) |
< 0.001 | 0.149 | 0.488 | 0.83 | 0.016 | 0.063 | ||||||
41 (9.7) | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) | 1 (2.7) | 0.22 (0.03–1.64) | 4 (14.3) | 1.34 (0.42–4.26) | 2 (7.1) | 0.78 (0.18–3.39) | 10 (9.9) | 0.94 (0.47–1.86) | 19 (9.5) | 0.78 (0.46–1.31) |
0.598 | 0.139 | 0.617 | 0.736 | 0.850 | 0.343 | ||||||
70 (10.1) | 0.80 (0.61–1.05) | 6 (10.9) | 0.97 (0.40–2.39) | 0 (0.0) | n.a | 7 (14.0) | 1.70 (0.72–4.01) | 18 (13.5) | 1.11 (0.63–1.95) | 25 (11.4) | 0.95 (0.60–1.49) |
0.111 | 0.951 | n.a | 0.230 | 0.726 | 0.806 | ||||||
Risperidone | Ziprasidone | All FGA | Chlorpromazine | Clotiapine | Flupentixol | ||||||
1482 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1548 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1305 (9.0) | 1 (ref) | 1549 (9.2) | 1 (ref) | 1539 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1468 (9.0) | 1 (ref) |
48 (9.0) | 0.70 (0.51–0.98) | 8 (13.3) | 1.06 (0.48–2.36) | 167 (9.6) | 0.86 (0.71–1.03) | 12 (6.5) | 0.48 (0.25–0.90) | 12 (7.2) | 0.60 (0.31–1.16) | 81 (10.9) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) |
0.037 | 0.882 | 0.106 | 0.023 | 0.128 | 0.572 | ||||||
17 (10.6) | 1.16 (0.68–1.99) | 6 (46.2) | 4.70 (1.47–15.07) | 46 (10.5) | 1.09 (0.79–1.51) | 1 (2.0) | 0.19 (0.03–1.40) | 8 (12.3) | 1.24 (0.57–2.69) | 8 (6.5) | 0.62 (0.29–1.32) |
0.590 | 0.009 | 0.609 | 0.103 | 0.589 | 0.219 | ||||||
17 (10.0) | 0.83 (0.48–1.44) | 2 (10.5) | 1.21 (0.27–5.39) | 46 (7.8) | 0.72 (0.52–1.01) | 2 (3.0) | 0.28 (0.07–1.20) | 5 (6.8) | 0.72 (0.28–1.84) | 7 (10.9) | 0.95 (0.40–2.26) |
0.508 | 0.804 | 0.054 | 0.086 | 0.492 | 0.910 | ||||||
Fluphenazine | Haloperidol | Loxapine | Sulpiride | ||||||||
1564 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1523 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1559 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | 1449 (9.1) | 1 (ref) | cDDD < 30 | |||
1 (0.0) | n.a | 25 (9.1) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 2 (10.0) | 0.95 (0.20–4.43) | 77 (9.1) | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | cDDD, ≥ 30, < 180 | |||
n.a | 0.065 | 0.942 | 0.233 | cDDD, ≥ 180, < 365 | |||||||
0 (0.0) | n.a | 6 (7.9) | 0.76 (0.30–1.91) | 0 (0.0) | n.a | 21 (9.6) | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | cDDD ≥ 365 | |||
n.a | 0.555 | n.a | 0.777 | ||||||||
0 (0.0) | n.a | 10 (9.6) | 1.03 (0.52–2.05) | 3 (33.3) | 3.93 (0.82–18.91) | 17 (7.3) | 0.73 (0.43–1.22) | ||||
n.a | 0.926 | 0.087 | 0.228 |