Background
Methods
Survey methods
Measurements
Analysis procedures
Results
Characteristics of the participants and descriptive statistics of each variable
Characteristic | n = 2102(%) | be willing n (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristic | |||
Age (years) | |||
60–70 | 1243 (59.1) | 1089 (87.6) | 0.417 |
70–80 | 626 (29.8) | 535 (85.5) | |
80~ | 233 (11.1) | 201 (86.3) | |
Sex | |||
Male | 899 (42.8) | 777 (86.4) | 0.346 |
Female | 1203 (57.2) | 1048 (87.1) | |
nation | |||
Minority nationality | 252 (12.0) | 202 (80.2) | 0.001 |
Han nationality | 1850 (88.0) | 1623 (87.7) | |
Education level | |||
Illiteracy | 375 (17.8) | 325 (86.7) | 0.600 |
primary school | 921 (43.8) | 807 (87.6) | |
Secondary and higher | 806 (38.3) | 693 (86.0) | |
marital status | |||
Never married | 89 (4.2) | 76 (85.4) | <0.001 |
Married | 1528 (72.7) | 1354 (88.6) | |
Divorced | 63 (3.0) | 34 (54.0) | |
Widowed | 422 (20.1) | 361 (85.5) | |
The physical condition | |||
can’t take care of oneself | 54 (2.6) | 38 (70.4) | <0.001 |
Partially self-care | 863 (41.1) | 728 (84.4) | |
Can take care of oneself | 1185 (56.4) | 1059 (89.4) | |
Family environment | |||
Number of children | |||
0 | 42 (2.0) | 36 (85.7) | <0.001 |
1 | 298 (14.2) | 237 (79.5) | |
2 or more | 1762 (83.8) | 1552 (88.1) | |
Who cares for life | |||
Oneself | 707 (33.6) | 628 (88.8) | <0.001 |
spouse | 938 (44.6) | 850 (90.6) | |
children | 384 (18.3) | 299 (77.9) | |
Others | 73 (3.5) | 63 (65.8) | |
Relationships among family members | |||
Not harmonious | 132 (6.3) | 72 (54.5) | <0.001 |
General harmony | 482 (22.9) | 397 (82.4) | |
harmonious | 1488 (70.8) | 1356 (91.1) | |
Does the family support mutual support | |||
not support | 222 (10.6) | 126 (56.8) | <0.001 |
General support | 820 (39.0) | 719 (87.7) | |
support | 1060 (50.4) | 980 (92.5) | |
Economic status | |||
Average monthly income | |||
Less than 200 yuan | 975 (46.4) | 845 (86.7) | 0.866 |
200 to 500 yuan | 454 (21.6) | 392 (86.3) | |
Over 500 yuan | 673 (32.0) | 588 (87.4) | |
source of income | |||
Subsistence allowances or pension | 742 (35.3) | 630 (84.9) | 0.003 |
Income from labor | 457 (21.7) | 413 (90.4) | |
From children | 697 (33.2) | 604 (86.7) | |
Other sources | 206 (9.8) | 178 (86.4) | |
Satisfaction with the current economic situation | |||
No | 339 (16.1) | 244 (72.0) | <0.001 |
General | 956 (45.5) | 861 (90.1) | |
Yes | 807 (38.4) | 720 (89.2) | |
Medical factors | |||
Self-assessment of health status | |||
Unhealthy | 392 (18.6) | 305 (77.8) | <0.001 |
Suboptimal | 889 (42.3) | 788 (88.6) | |
healthy | 821 (39.1) | 732 (89.2) | |
Current diseases | |||
No disease | 731 (34.8) | 652 (89.2) | 0.049 |
One or two disease | 1092 (52.0) | 938 (85.9) | |
Three or more | 279 (13.3) | 235 (84.2) | |
Regular physical examination | |||
No | 1287 (61.2) | 1134 (88.1) | 0.029 |
Yes | 815 (38.8) | 691 (84.8) | |
Health knowledge needs | |||
No | 282 (13.4) | 183 (64.9) | <0.001 |
General | 934 (44.4) | 837 (89.6) | |
Yes | 886 (42.2) | 805 (90.9) | |
Medical accessibility (Whether serious illness can be treated in time) | |||
No | 573 (27.3) | 459 (80.1) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1529 (72.7) | 1366 (89.3) | |
mutual-support behavior | |||
government support | |||
No | 535 (25.5) | 398 (74.4) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1567 (74.5) | 1427 (91.1) | |
Accepting others support | |||
No | 261 (12.4) | 147 (56.3) | <0.001 |
General | 955 (45.4) | 861 (90.2) | |
Yes | 886 (42.2) | 817 (92.2) | |
help others | |||
No | 197 (9.4) | 85 (43.1) | <0.001 |
General | 937 (44.6) | 837 (89.3) | |
Yes | 968 (46.1) | 903 (93.3) | |
Mutual-support needs | |||
Low | 542 (25.8) | 440 (81.2) | <0.001 |
moderate | 1210 (57.6) | 1082 (89.4) | |
high | 350 (16.7) | 303 (86.6) | |
Social support | |||
Low | 32 (1.5) | 17 (53.1) | <0.001 |
moderate | 1815 (86.3) | 1567 (86.3) | |
high | 255 (12.1) | 241 (94.5) | |
participate in mutual support after understanding | |||
No | 277 (13.2) | ||
Yes | 1825 (86.8) |
Characteristic | n = 2102(%) | moderate /high n (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristic | |||
Age (years) | |||
60–70 | 1243 (59.1) | 883 (71.0) | <0.001 |
70–80 | 626 (29.8) | 480 (76.7) | |
80~ | 233 (11.1) | 197 (84.5) | |
Sex | |||
Male | 899 (42.8) | 644 (71.6) | 0.033 |
Female | 1203 (57.2) | 916 (76.1) | |
nation | |||
Minority nationality | 252 (12.0) | 195 (77.4) | 0.393 |
Han nationality | 1850 (88.0) | 1365 (73.8) | |
Education level | |||
Illiteracy | 375 (17.8) | 297 (79.2) | <0.001 |
primary school | 921 (43.8) | 687 (74.6) | |
Secondary and higher | 806 (38.3) | 576 (71.5) | |
marital status | |||
Never married | 89 (4.2) | 62 (69.7) | <0.001 |
Married | 1528 (72.7) | 1114 (72.9) | |
Divorced | 63 (3.0) | 47 (74.6) | |
Widowed | 422 (20.1) | 337 (79.9) | |
The physical condition | |||
can’t take care of oneself | 54 (2.6) | 44 (81.5) | <0.001 |
Partially self-care | 863 (41.1) | 713 (82.6) | |
Can take care of oneself | 1185 (56.4) | 1059 (89.4) | |
Family environment | |||
Number of children | |||
0 | 42 (2.0) | 22 (52.3) | <0.001 |
1 | 298 (14.2) | 228 (76.5) | |
2 or more | 1762 (83.8) | 1310 (74.3) | |
Who cares for life | |||
Oneself | 707 (33.6) | 499 (70.6) | <0.001 |
spouse | 938 (44.6) | 696 (74.2) | |
children | 384 (18.3) | 299 (77.9) | |
Others | 73 (3.5) | 48 (65.8) | |
Relationships among family members | |||
Not harmonious | 132 (6.3) | 90 (68.2) | 0.001 |
General harmony | 482 (22.9) | 389 (80.7) | |
harmonious | 1488 (70.8) | 1081 (72.6) | |
Does the family support mutual support | |||
not support | 222 (10.6) | 157 (70.7) | 0.062 |
General support | 820 (39.0) | 602 (73.4) | |
support | 1060 (50.4) | 801 (75.6) | |
Economic status | |||
Average monthly income | |||
Less than 200 yuan | 975 (46.4) | 730 (74.9) | 0.125 |
200 to 500 yuan | 454 (21.6) | 345 (76.0) | |
Over 500 yuan | 673 (32.0) | 485 (72.1) | |
source of income | |||
Subsistence allowances or pension | 742 (35.3) | 560 (75.5) | 0.006 |
Income from labor | 457 (21.7) | 324 (70.9) | |
From children | 697 (33.2) | 526 (75.5) | |
Other sources | 206 (9.8) | 150 (72.8) | |
Satisfaction with the current economic situation | |||
No | 339 (16.1) | 251 (74.0) | <0.001 |
General | 956 (45.5) | 750 (78.5) | |
Yes | 807 (38.4) | 559 (69.3) | |
Medical factors | |||
Self-assessment of health status | |||
Unhealthy | 392 (18.6) | 316 (80.6) | <0.001 |
Suboptimal | 889 (42.3) | 692 (77.8) | |
healthy | 821 (39.1) | 552 (67.2) | |
Current diseases | |||
No disease | 731 (34.8) | 491 (67.2) | 0.049 |
One or two disease | 1092 (52.0) | 840 (76.9) | |
Three or more | 279 (13.3) | 229 (82.1) | |
Regular physical examination | |||
No | 1287 (61.2) | 971 (75.4) | 0.142 |
Yes | 815 (38.8) | 589 (72.3) | |
Health knowledge needs | |||
No | 282 (13.4) | 182 (64.5) | <0.001 |
General | 934 (44.4) | 666 (71.3) | |
Yes | 886 (42.2) | 712 (80.4) | |
Medical accessibility (Whether serious illness can be treated in time) | |||
No | 573 (27.3) | 469 (81.8) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1529 (72.7) | 1091 (71.4) | |
mutual-support behavior | |||
government support | |||
No | 535 (25.5) | 397 (74.2) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1567 (74.5) | 1163 (74.2) | |
Accepting others support | |||
No | 261 (12.4) | 162 (62.1) | <0.001 |
General | 955 (45.4) | 700 (73.3) | |
Yes | 886 (42.2) | 698 (78.8) | |
help others | |||
No | 197 (9.4) | 143 (72.6) | <0.001 |
General | 937 (44.6) | 677 (72.3) | |
Yes | 968 (46.1) | 740 (76.4) | |
Social support | |||
Low | 32 (1.5) | 16 (50.0) | 0.006 |
moderate | 1815 (86.3) | 1351 (74.4) | |
high | 255 (12.1) | 193 (75.7) | |
participate in mutual support after understanding | |||
No | 277 (13.2) | 175 (63.2) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1825 (86.8) | 1385 (75.9) | |
Mutual-support needs | |||
Low | 542 (25.8) | ||
moderate | 1210 (57.6) | ||
High | 350 (16.7) |
Category | N Ratio (%) | Willing to mutual support | Score (Mean ± SD) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Objective support | 9.066 ± 2.783 | |||
Subjective support | 20.258 ± 3.954 | |||
Support utilization | 7.579 ± 2.019 | |||
Social support | 36.944 ± 6.487 | <0.001 | ||
Low (≤22) | 32 (1.5) | 17 (53.1) | ||
Moderate (22–44) | 1815 (86.4) | 1567 (86.3) | ||
High (>45) | 255 (12.1) | 241 (94.5) |
Factors influencing mutual-support willingness among the rural elderly
Variable | Unwilling n (%) | be willing n (%) | P-value | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
marital status | 0.004 | 0.769 | 0.643–0.921 | ||
single | 13 (14.6) | 76 (85.4) | 1 | ||
married | 174 (11.4) | 1354 (88.6) | 0.045 | 2.353 | 1.019–5.436 |
Divorce | 29 (46.0) | 34 (54.0) | 0.084 | 1.428 | 0.954–2.138 |
Widowed | 61 (14.5) | 361 (85.5) | 0.550 | 0.802 | 0.390–1.651 |
Who cares for life | <0.001 | 0.687 | 0.575–0.821 | ||
oneself | 79 (11.2) | 628 (88.8) | 1 | ||
spouse | 88 (9.4) | 850 (90.6) | 0.001 | 2.955 | 1.532–5.699 |
Children | 85 (22.1) | 299 (77.9) | 0.001 | 3.051 | 1.565–5.946 |
Others | 25 (34.2) | 48 (65.8) | 0.239 | 1.492 | 0.766–2.904 |
Satisfaction with the current economic | <0.001 | 1.178 | 1.029–1.479 | ||
No | 95 (28.0) | 244 (72.0) | 1 | ||
General | 95 (9.9) | 861 (90.1) | 0.005 | 0.525 | 0.334–0.826 |
Yes | 87 (10.8) | 720 (89.2) | 0.002 | 0.824 | 0.834–0.979 |
Relationships among family members | 0.008 | 1.401 | 1.092–1.796 | ||
Not harmonious | 60 (45.5) | 72 (54.5) | 1 | ||
General | 85 (17.6) | 397 (82.4) | 0.046 | 0.590 | 0.351–0.990 |
harmonious | 132 (8.9) | 1356 (91.1) | 0.023 | 0.753 | 0.525–0.980 |
family support | <0.001 | 1.743 | 1.400–2.17 | ||
not support | 96 (43.2) | 126 (56.8) | 1 | ||
General | 101 (12.3) | 719 (87.7) | <0.001 | 0.270 | 0.175–0.415 |
Support | 80 (7.5) | 980 (92.5) | 0.027 | 0.737 | 0.514–0.778 |
Regular physical examination | 0.014 | 0.670 | 0.487–0.921 | ||
No | 153 (57.5) | 113 (42.5) | 1 | ||
Yes | 124 (15.2) | 691 (84.8) | 0.045 | 1.382 | 1.008–1.894 |
government support | <0.001 | 2.033 | 1.484–2.784 | ||
No | 137 (40.9) | 198 (59.1) | <0.001 | 1 | 0.335–0.634 |
Yes | 140 (8.9) | 1427 (91.1) | 0.461 | ||
Accepting Others support | <0.001 | 1.549 | 1.221–1.965 | ||
No | 114 (43.7) | 147 (56.3) | 1 | ||
General | 94 (9.8) | 861 (91.2) | <0.001 | 0.398 | 0.255–0.619 |
Yes | 69 (7.8) | 817 (92.2) | 0.572 | 1.123 | 0.751–1.679 |
help others | <0.001 | 2.089 | 1.611–2.708 | ||
No | 112 (56.9) | 85 (43.1) | <0.001 | 1 | |
General | 100 (10.7) | 837 (90.3) | 0.334 | 0.165 | 0.102–0.266 |
Yes | 65 (6.7) | 903 (93.3) | 0.822 | 0.552–1.223 | |
mutual support needs | 0.007 | 1.399 | 1.098–1.783 | ||
low | 102 (18.8) | 440 (81.2) | 0.006 | 1 | |
moderate | 128 (10.6) | 1082 (89.4) | 0.039 | 0.520 | 0.327–0.827 |
high | 47 (13.4) | 303 (86.6) | 0.918 | 0.728–0.987 | |
Social support | 0.017 | 1.594 | 1.096–2.803 | ||
low | 15 (46.9) | 17 (53.1) | 1 | ||
moderate | 248 (13.7) | 1567 (86.3) | 0.005 | 0.192 | 0.061–0.604 |
high | 14 (5.5) | 241 (94.5) | 0.032 | 0.731 | 0.394–0.857 |
2 | 3 | 4 | mutual-support needs | Social support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Daily life care | 1 | 0.494*** | 0.496*** | 0.375*** | ||
2. Health service | 0.494*** | 1 | 0.672*** | 0.542*** | ||
3. Spiritual comfort | 0.496*** | 0.672*** | 1 | 0.760*** | ||
4. Entertainment and learning | 0.375*** | 0.542*** | 0.760*** | 1 | ||
5. mutual-support willingness | 0.068** | 0.118*** |
Factors influencing mutual-support needs among the rural elderly
Project | Item score | score (Mean ± SD) |
---|---|---|
Daily life care service needs | 14.620 ± 6.143 | |
1. Purchasing daily necessities | 5.000 | 2.80 ± 1.103 |
2. Physical work | 5.000 | 3.10 ± 1.117 |
3. Washing and cooking | 5.000 | 2.77 ± 1.101 |
4. Cleaning | 5.000 | 2.79 ± 1.106 |
5. Agency service | 5.000 | 3.16 ± 1.158 |
Health service needs | 17.390 ± 1.080 | |
1. Escort to the hospital when sick | 5.000 | 3.16 ± 1.158 |
2. Take care of by others when sick | 5.000 | 3.59 ± 1.036 |
3. Help to measure blood pressure or blood sugar regularly | 5.000 | 3.69 ± 0.963 |
4. Remind to take medicine | 5.000 | 3.44 ± 1.013 |
5. Health knowledge popularization | 5.000 | 3.51 ± 0.943 |
Spiritual comfort service needs | 16.370 ± 3.987 | |
1. Accompany and chat | 5.000 | 3.51 ± 0.978 |
2. Participate in social activities | 5.000 | 3.27 ± 0.987 |
3. psychological counseling | 5.000 | 2.92 ± 1.049 |
4. Telephone care and greetings | 5.000 | 3.36 ± 1.024 |
5. Accompany out for a walk | 5.000 | 3.25 ± 1.022 |
Entertainment and learning needs | 15.930 ± 3.915 | |
1. Entertainment (chess, cards, etc.) | 5.000 | 3.26 ± 1.045 |
2. Accompany to exercise | 5.000 | 3.18 ± 1.024 |
3. Accompany to watch TV | 5.000 | 3.12 ± 1.108 |
4. Attending lectures on health knowledge for the elderly | 5.000 | 3.15 ± 0.995 |
5. Learning new things | 5.000 | 3.31 ± 0.953 |
Demand score of mutual support | 66.37 ± 14.396 |
Variable | Low n (%) | moderate /high n (%) | P-value | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.011 | 1.250 | 1.053–1.484 | ||
60–70 | 360 (29.0) | 883 (71.0) | 1 | ||
70–80 | 146 (23.3) | 480 (76.7) | 0.002 | 0.531 | 0.359–0.783 |
80~ | 36 (15.5) | 197 (84.5) | 0.029 | 0.631 | 0.418–0.955 |
Sex | 0.036 | 1.254 | 1.014–1.550 | ||
Male | 255 (28.4) | 644 (71.6) | 1 | ||
Female | 287 (23.9) | 916 (76.1) | 0.013 | 0.771 | 0.627–0.947 |
The physical condition | <0.001 | 0.622 | 0.490–0.790 | ||
can’t take care of oneself | 10 (18.5) | 44 (81.5) | 1 | ||
Partially self-care | 150 (17.4) | 713 (82.6) | 0.048 | 2.097 | 1.008–4.365 |
Can take care of oneself | 382 (32.2) | 803 (67.8) | <0.001 | 2.224 | 1.767–2.800 |
Health knowledge needs | <0.001 | 1.646 | 1.389–1.952 | ||
No | 100 (35.5) | 182 (64.5) | 1 | ||
general | 268 (28.7) | 666 (71.3) | <0.001 | 0.442 | 0.319–0.612 |
Yes | 174 (19.6) | 712 (70.4) | <0.001 | 0.608 | 0.483–0.766 |
Medical accessibility (Whether serious illness can be treated in time) | 0.002 | 0.639 | 0.481–0.850 | ||
No | 104 (18.2) | 469 (81.8) | 1 | ||
Yes | 438 (28.6) | 1091 (71.4) | <0.001 | 1.782 | 1.376–2.306 |
Accepting others support | <0.001 | 1.397 | 1.168–1.671 | ||
No | 99 (38.0) | 162 (62.0) | 1 | ||
General | 255 (26.7) | 700 (73.3) | <0.001 | 0.534 | 0.383–0.745 |
Yes | 188 (21.2) | 698 (70.8) | 0.046 | 0.792 | 0.630–0.996 |
participate in mutual support after understanding | <0.001 | 1.964 | 1.419–2.718 | ||
No | 102 (36.8) | 175 (62.2) | 1 | ||
Yes | 440 (24.1) | 1385 (75.9) | <0.001 | 0.597 | 0.439–0.814 |