Background
Objectives
Methods
Study type
Primary outcome
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Operational classification as RDS versus TTN
Study procedures
Ethics statement
Statistical analysis
Results
TTN (N = 11) | RDS (N = 10) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Male | 9 (81.8) | 4 (40.0) | 0.06 |
GA (weeks) (mean ± SD) | 34.7 ± 3 | 33.2 ± 1 | 0.15 |
BW (grams) (mean ± SD) | 2583 ± 1013 | 1768 ± 352 | 0.03 |
Multiple Birth | 3 (27.3) | 5 (50.0) | 0.2 |
Cesarean Section | 7 (63.6) | 9 (90.0) | 0.16 |
PIH | 3 (27.3) | 2 (20.0) | 0.37 |
GDM | 2 (18.2) | 1 (10.0) | 0.41 |
Abnormal antenatal Dopplers | 0 (0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.09 |
Clinical chorioamnionitis | 3 (27.3) | 1 (10.0) | 0.25 |
DCC | 8 (72.7) | 6 (60.0) | 0.3 |
Lung ultrasound score (mean ± SD) | 2.3 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 4.1a | 0.61 |
TTN (N = 11) | RDS (N = 10) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± S D | ||
Sepsis; n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.52 |
Initial empiric antibiotics; n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 5 (50.0) | 0.28 |
Surfactant; n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (60.0) | < 0.01 |
Wt. change from BW at time point 1 (%) | −2.5 ± 3.9a | 0.6 ± 3.9 | 0.003* |
Wt. change from BW at time point 2 (%) | −5.0 ± 5.1b | −2.1 ± 2.2 | |
Wt. change from BW at time point 3 (%) | − 5.6 ± 3.4a | −2.8 ± 2.7 | |
U.O before time point 3 (ml/kg/hr) | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 0.09 |
Min. Na before time point 2 (mmol/L) | 137.1 ± 3.4a | 136.7 ± 4.1 | 0.82 |
TFI at time point 1 (ml/kg/d) | 63.2 ± 9.0 | 65.0 ± 7.1 | 0.62 |
TFI at time point 2 (ml/kg/d) | 75.6 ± 16.7b | 84.0 ± 9.7 | 0.19 |
TFI at time point 3 (ml/kg/d) | 120 (110, 135)b | 120 (110, 130) | 1.000** |
Feeds at time point 1 (ml/kg/d) | 33.6 ± 15.2 | 27.8 ± 19.2b | 0.46 |
Feeds at time point 2 (ml/kg/d) | 66.7 ± 13.5b | 38.9 ± 22.0b | < 0.01 |
Feeds at time point 3 (ml/kg/d) | 116.1 ± 17.3b | 79.2 ± 45.0 | 0.03 |
Parameter | Day | TTN (N = 11) | RDS (N = 10) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (/min) | 0 | 144.27 ± 18.91 | 143.78 ± 12.79 | |
1 | 144.64 ± 27.43 | 147.67 ± 19.51 | 0.63 | |
3 | 139.7 ± 28.74# | 145.33 ± 15.12 | ||
0 | 57.73 ± 9.25 | 56.22 ± 10.17 | ||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 1 | 58.1 ± 12.36# | 57.22 ± 6.91 | 0.86 |
3 | 66.8 ± 18.27# | 67.5 ± 10.6 | ||
0 | 36.36 ± 11.76 | 32.89 ± 7.61 | ||
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 1 | 37 ± 7.79# | 33 ± 6.75 | 0.35 |
3 | 43.9 ± 18.82# | 43 ± 6.93 | ||
0 | 42.73 ± 10.28 | 41 ± 8.02 | ||
BP mean (mmHg) | 1 | 43.8 ± 9.02# | 41.11 ± 6.74 | 0.66 |
3 | 50.9 ± 18.01# | 51.5 ± 7.45 | ||
0 | 96.4 ± 2.7 | 94 ± 4.1 | ||
SpO2 | 1 | 98.1 ± 1.7# | 96.6 ± 3.4 | 0.13 |
3 | 96.2 ± 2.1# | 96.7 ± 2.4 | ||
0 | 262.7 ± 94.7 | 237.9 ± 67.4 | ||
LVO (ml/kg/min) | 1 | 261.2 ± 105.1# | 250.9 ± 105.3 | 0.62 |
3 | 226 ± 101# | 223.8 ± 87 | ||
0 | 1.43 ± 2.07# | 0.8 ± 0.16 | ||
AoMax (m/s) | 1 | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.35 |
3 | 0.72 ± 0.14# | 0.71 ± 0.15 | ||
0 | 370.8 ± 200.8 | 255.7 ± 150 | ||
RVO (ml/kg/min) | 1 | 406.2 ± 272.8 | 430.8 ± 164.3 | 0.46 |
3 | 363.5 ± 200# | 338.4 ± 127.1 | ||
0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | ||
PAMax (cm/s)a | 1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.11 |
3 | 0.8 ± 0.2# | 0.7 ± 0.1 | ||
0 | 3 (27.3) | 5 (55.6) | ||
PDA present | 1 | 0# | 1 (11.1) | 0.23 |
3 | 0## | 0 |
Parameter | Day | TTN (N = 11) | RDS (N = 10) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
ACA PI | 0 | 1.38 ± 0.66 | 1.46 ± 0.51 | |
1 | 1.16 ± 0.28a | 1.16 ± 0.3 | 0.66 | |
3 | 1.27 ± 0.26 a | 1.25 ± 0.2b | ||
0 | 0.71 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | ||
ACA RI | 1 | 0.65 ± 0.08a | 0.67 ± 0.11 | 0.21 |
3 | 0.69 ± 0.08a | 0.69 ± 0.06b | ||
0 | 31.11 ± 10.9 | 22.23 ± 11.98 | ||
ACAVmax (cm/s) | 1 | 27.96 ± 8.51a | 26.61 ± 8.86 | 0.03 |
3 | 37.47 ± 12.6a | 29.46 ± 7.29b | ||
0 | 9.87 ± 6.25 | 5.51 ± 4.15 | ||
ACA Flow (ml/kg/min) | 1 | 13.54 ± 9.11a | 9.11 ± 7.14 | 0.07 |
3 | 12.34 ± 7.09a | 13.66 ± 10.29b | ||
0 | 1.36 ± 0.28 | 1.72 ± 0.87 | ||
SMA PI | 1 | 1.32 ± 0.42 | 1.51 ± 0.4 | 0.08 |
3 | 1.31 ± 0.42a | 1.44 ± 0.33 | ||
0 | 0.69 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | ||
SMA RI | 1 | 0.68 ± 0.1 | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 0.02 |
3 | 0.67 ± 0.11a | 0.7 ± 0.1 | ||
0 | 61.1 ± 19.78 | 64.95 ± 32.02 | ||
SMAVmax (cm/s) | 1 | 60.79 ± 16.01 | 52.69 ± 21.62 | 0.31 |
3 | 51.4 ± 12.05a | 48.43 ± 10.63 | ||
0 | 40.65 ± 37.2 | 27.6 ± 19.31 | ||
SMA Flow (ml/kg/min) | 1 | 34.66 ± 39.32 | 23.54 ± 11.24 | 0.28 |
3 | 20.81 ± 10.72a | 25.49 ± 8.3 | ||
0 | 1.87 ± 0.78 | 4.97 ± 7.98 | ||
Renal PI | 1 | 1.56 ± 0.5 | 2.29 ± 2.06 | 0.99 |
3 | 1.53 ± 0.73a | 1.65 ± 0.45 | ||
0 | 0.78 ± 0.14 | 0.87 ± 0.1 | ||
Renal RI | 1 | 0.78 ± 0.15 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.24 |
3 | 0.74 ± 0.14a | 0.77 ± 0.1 | ||
0 | 26.67 ± 11.93 | 29.97 ± 12.53 | ||
RenalVmax (cm/s) | 1 | 30.41 ± 8.23 | 40.09 ± 10.63 | 0.12 |
3 | 36.71 ± 10.62a | 36.94 ± 8.76 | ||
0 | 7.23 ± 4.62 | 5.9 ± 4.77 | ||
Renal Flow (ml/kg/min) | 1 | 10.66 ± 8.1 | 17.42 ± 9.72 | 0.17 |
3 | 11.95 ± 11.41a | 16.78 ± 14.48 |