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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Human Factor

verfasst von : Dr. phil. Hans-Jürgen Hörmann

Erschienen in: Handbuch Klinisches Risikomanagement

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Human-Factor-Modelle analysieren Bedingungen menschlichen Leistungsverhaltens, die im Akteur selbst, in der jeweiligen Arbeitsaufgabe, im Umfeld oder in der Organisation liegen können und die ursächlich für Arbeitsqualität oder Fehler wirksam werden. Aufgrund der hohen Bedeutung dieser Faktoren für Hochrisikoorganisationen entwickelte sich in den 1980er Jahren die Human-Reliability-Forschung. Das SHELL-Modell gliedert Human Factors in die Bereiche Software (Regelwerke), Hardware (Geräte), Environment (Umfeld) und Liveware (Team/Individuum). Grenzen menschlichen Leistungsvermögens können z. B. bei Übermüdung, Informationsüberfluss oder Stress auftreten. Mensch-Maschine-Interaktionen werden ebenso besprochen wie ein hoher Automatisierungsgrad, der neue Risiken birgt (z. B. Complacency). Der Ansatz des Threat-and-error-Managements beschreibt Strategien, durch die Gefahren und Fehler im Arbeitsalltag rechtzeitig identifiziert und durch Gegenmaßnahmen neutralisiert werden können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Human Factor
verfasst von
Dr. phil. Hans-Jürgen Hörmann
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45150-2_12

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