Background
Methods
Design
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Pre-COVID-19 survey (2017) | During COVID-19 survey (2022) | Univariate ANOVA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Mean (%) | (SD) | Mean (%) | (SD) | df | Df E | F | p | ηp2 |
Physical capability: “I am PHYSICALLY able to Make Every Contact Count”b | 6.69 | 3.10 | 6.68 | 2.65 | 6 | 1747 | 0.005 | 0.94 | 0.000 |
Psychological capability: “I am PSYCHOLOGICALLY able to Make Every Contact Count What is psychological capability?”b | 7.21 | 2.64 | 6.69 | 2.53 | 6 | 1747 | 17.185 | < 0.001 | 0.010 |
Physical opportunity: “Of the service users you see in a typical working week, with what proportion do you have the PHYSICAL opportunity to Make Every Contact Count?”a | 46.39 | 33.19 | 37.41 | 35.98 | 6 | 1747 | 28.461 | < 0.001 | 0.016 |
Social opportunity: “Of the service users you see in a typical working week, with what proportion do you have the SOCIAL opportunity to Make Every Contact Count?”a | 43.58 | 32.25 | 33.32 | 33.47 | 6 | 1747 | 41.55 | < 0.001 | 0.023 |
Reflective motivation: “I am motivated to Make Every Contact Count”b | 6.52 | 2.83 | 6.43 | 2.72 | 6 | 1747 | 0.511 | 0.48 | 0.000 |
Automatic motivation: “Making Every Contact Count is something I do automatically”b | 6.38 | 3.01 | 6.24 | 2.83 | 6 | 1747 | 0.927 | 0.34 | 0.001 |
Analyses
Results
Sample characteristics
Pre-COVID-19 survey (2017) | During COVID-19 survey (2022) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n | (%) | Mean | (SD) | n | (%) | Mean | (SD) | X2 for difference between two samples | t-test |
Gender (%) | ||||||||||
Male Female Total | 446 941 1387 | (32.2) (67.8) | 266 741 1008 | (26.4) (73.5) | 0.87 (p =.35) 0.87 (p =.35) | |||||
Age, years | 45 | (11.46) | 45 | (11.97) | 0.11 | |||||
Healthcare professional groupa | ||||||||||
General Practitioners Specialist doctors Nurses and health visitors Midwives Ambulance staff Scientific, therapeutic and technical staffb Nurses working in GP practices Support to clinical staff Other HCHS staff/unknown classifications Total | 332 125 438 42 20 270 88 49 23 1387 | (23.9) (9.0) (31.6) (3.0) (1.4) (19.5) (6.3) (3.5) (1.3) | 45 146 409 30 10 143 46 58 121 1008 | (4.5) (14.5) (40.6) (3.0) (1.0) (14.2) (4.6) (5.8) (12.0) | 14.56 (p <.01) 1.70 (p =.19) 1.75 (p =.19) 1.00 (p = 1.00) 1.00 (p = 1.00) 1.28 (p =.26) 0.10 (p =.76) 0.42 (p =.52) 9.95 (p <.01) | |||||
Setting | ||||||||||
NHS Acute Care NHS Tertiary Care NHS Community Care NHS Primary Care Other Total | 576 83 257 339 132 1387 | (41.5) (6.0) (18.5) (24.4) (9.5) | 414 89 230 193 82 | (41.1) (8.8) (22.8) (19.1) (8.2) | - | 0.02 (p =.89) 0.65 (p =.42) 0.48 (p =.49) 0.23 (p =.63) 0.24 (p =.62) | ||||
How many service users do you see in a typical week? | 50 | (31.89) | 33.39 | (30.23) | 12.48*** | |||||
Total number of service users seen by all included healthcare professionals | 58,906b | 33,631b | ||||||||
How many minutes do you spend on average with each service user? (mins) | 31 | (19.54) | 32 | (20.40) | -1.92 | |||||
Before today, had you heard of the Making Every Contact Count consensus statement? | ||||||||||
Yes | 436 | (31.4) | 524 | (52.0) | 9.08 (p <.01) | |||||
No | 830 | (59.8) | 484 | (48.0) | 2.90 (p =.09) | |||||
Do not know | 83 | (6.0) | - | - | ||||||
Did not state | 38 | (2.7) | - | - | ||||||
Total | 1387 | 1008 |
Awareness and prevalence of “making every contact count” (2022 survey versus 2017 survey)
Pre-COVID-19 survey (2017) | During COVID-19 survey (2022) | Univariate ANOVA | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Mean (%) | (SD) | Mean (%) | (SD) | df | Df E | F | p | ηp2 |
Of the service users you see in a typical working week, what proportion do you think would benefit from you Making Every Contact Count? | 55.93 | (31.86) | 49.11 | (35.64) | 1 | 1894 | 14.771 | < 0.001 | 0.008 |
Of the service users you see in a typical working week, who you think would benefit, with what proportion do you Make Every Contact Count? | 50.00 | (31.34) | 38.00 | (36.33) | 1 | 1894 | 54.332 | < 0.001 | 0.028 |
Of the service users you see in a typical working week who you think would benefit, how much of their appointment time do you spend with them making every contact count? | 35.30 | (30.92) | 26.54 | (32.68) | 1 | 1894 | 36.446 | < 0.001 | 0.019 |
Perceived capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to deliver behaviour change interventions
Associations between sociodemographic variables, capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to deliver behaviour change interventions (2022 survey respondents)
Variable | B | SE | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Of the service users you see in a typical working week, what proportion do you think would benefit from you Making Every Contact Count? | ||||
Gender (1 = Men; 2 = Women) | -0.00 | 2.19 | -4.41, 4.19 | 0.96 |
Age | 0.05 | 0.08 | -0.02, 0.30 | 0.08 |
Ethnicity (1 = White; 2 = Black, Asian or Minority Ethnic) | -0.03 | 3.02 | -8.88, 2.98 | 0.33 |
Physical Capability | -0.08 | 0.59 | -2.27, 0.02 | 0.05 |
Psychological Capability | -0.02 | 0.62 | -1.47, 0.98 | 0.69 |
Physical Opportunity | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.10, 0.26 | < 0.001 |
Social Opportunity | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.10, 0.26 | < 0.001 |
Reflective Motivation | 0.27 | 0.59 | 2.42, 4.73 | < 0.001 |
Automatic Motivation | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.32, 2.46 | < 0.05 |
Of the service users you see in a typical working week, who you think would benefit, with what proportion do you Make Every Contact Count? | ||||
Gender (1 = Men; 2 = Women) | 0.05 | 2.10 | -0.44, 7.81 | 0.08 |
Age | 0.04 | 0.08 | -0.02, 0.28 | 0.09 |
Ethnicity (1 = White; 2 = Black, Asian or Minority Ethnic) | -0.01 | 2.90 | -6.48, 4.89 | 0.78 |
Physical Capability | -0.06 | 0.04 | -1.91, 0.29 | 0.15 |
Psychological Capability | 0.00 | 0.04 | -1.14, 1.21 | 0.95 |
Physical Opportunity | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.09, 0.24 | < 0.001 |
Social Opportunity | 0.25 | 0.52 | 0.19, 0.35 | < 0.001 |
Reflective Motivation | 0.18 | 0.56 | 1.22, 3.44 | < 0.001 |
Automatic Motivation | 0.20 | 0.60 | 1.52, 3.58 | < 0.001 |
Of the service users you see in a typical working week who you think would benefit, how much of their appointment time do you spend with them making every contact count? | ||||
Gender (1 = Men; 2 = Women) | 0.04 | 1.96 | -0.61, 7.08 | 0.10 |
Age | 0.04 | 0.07 | -0.05, 0.24 | 0.19 |
Ethnicity (1 = White; 2 = Black, Asian or Minority Ethnic) | 0.02 | 2.71 | -3.75, 6.86 | 0.57 |
Physical Capability | -0.08 | 0.52 | -2.04, 0.01 | 0.05 |
Psychological Capability | 0.01 | 0.56 | -1.00, 1.18 | 0.87 |
Physical Opportunity | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.09, 0.53 | < 0.001 |
Social Opportunity | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.17, 0.32 | < 0.001 |
Reflective Motivation | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.63, 2.70 | < 0.01 |
Automatic Motivation | 0.19 | 0.49 | 1.17, 3.09 | < 0.001 |