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Dear editor and colleagues,
We appreciate the insightful comments on our article “Age-Dependent Reference Values for hs-Troponin T and NT-proBNP and Determining Factors in a Cohort of Healthy Children (The LIFE Child Study)” [1], as well as the opportunity to respond.
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While we agree with Drs. Rodríguez-González and Castellano-Martínez that the Zlog values for NT-proBNP and the formula provided by Palm et al. [2] are interesting, we did not discuss their study separately because we already reviewed the underlying pooled data from four studies [3] that was used to generate the Zlog values.
We want to clarify that our percentiles are continuously estimated by age, not using age intervals. The data tables show point estimates for selected ages to illustrate the age dependency.
It is important to have reliable neonatal reference values; unfortunately, our study design excluded children below 3 months of age. The same applies to full echocardiographic studies, which were performed in some but not all study participants (hence, data not used).
While we have been unable to obtain the external dataset for validation, we transformed our NT-proBNP values utilizing the formula by Palm et al. [2]. The resulting Zlog scores showed a strong linear dependency compared to our standard deviation scores (SDS) [1] (R2 = 0.86, i.e., 86% explained variance from linear model) but also some deviation from each other with a strong age dependency of the Zlog values and distinct differences between SDS and Zlog: children in the first year of life had SDS greater than Zlog values; for girls, Zlog were considerably greater than SDS from the age of 3; for boys, Zlog were considerably greater than SDS between 4 and 12 years and lower from the age of 15 (Fig. 1). As expected, there was no age dependence of the SDS values, because the references originated from the same data. A real test was not feasible because of lacking external data. The differences between the Zlog scores and our SDS could be explained by the different cohort compositions: patient vs. healthy cohort, non-consideration of sex (especially since we found significant sex differences), and assumption of a functional relationship that might be too strong.
Fig. 1
Differences between SDS (standard deviation scores) and Zlog utilizing the formula by Palm et al. [2] of NT-proBNP values of the LIFE Child dataset [1]. Children in the first year of life had greater SDS than Zlog. Girls (red) had considerably greater Zlog than SDS from 3 years of age, while in boys (blue) Zlog were considerably greater than SDS values between 4 and 12 years, but lower from the age of 15. Differences could be explained by the different cohort compositions, differentiation in males and females, and too high assumption of a functional relationship
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In conclusion, we found the model by Palm et al. similar but not entirely fitting to our dataset1 since there was still a strong age dependency after transformation, as well as sex differences. Further validation of both studies as well as discussion regarding whether Zlog values or SDS would be more clinically useful is warranted.
Declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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