Introduction
Methods
Study design and population
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Intervention program: design and implementation
Phase I: analysis
Phase II: design
Phase III: development
Phase IV: implementation
Phase V: evaluation
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Source | Methods | Main outcomes |
---|---|---|
Rogers et al., 2013 [21] | 5–2–1-0 HH: The daily consumption of five units or more fruits and vegetables – Two hours or less everyday use of television or other electronic equipment - One hour or more daily physical activity - No sugary drinks | A significant increase in the intake of fruits and vegetables in children from 63 to 69% - The substantial reduction of sugars intake in children from 10 to 47%, both of which were significant - The notable increase of parental awareness |
Kelishadi et al., 2009 [22] | Similar nutrition and behavioral therapy in all the study groups (A-C) -Attending in physical activity training courses, twice a week (group A) Providing educational CD (group B), −Face to face education (group C) | A remarkable reduction in BMI of participant allocated in groups A and B compared to the pre-intervention - No significant the difference in BMI value among the different groups |
Mohammadi et al., 2013 [23] | An educational intervention including four 3- min group discussion sessions with photo presentation in groups of 15 people | Significant improvement in behaviors and self-efficacy in overweight and obesity-related lifestyle among students |
Wang et al., 2015 [24] | Participants were divided into three groups: control, diet and exercise, physical activity alone, and diet alone. | The maximum decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and fat percentage with the integrated intervention of diet and exercise |
James et al., 2007 [25] | Three educational sessions during the academic year based on healthy nutrition and encouragement not to use sugary drinks | An increase in mean BMI in experimental and control groups after a 2-y follow-up |
Kim et al., 2017 [26] | Holding the meeting with the presence of experts and discussing various methods | The best method: controlling the diet and improving the physical activity, and b. The best scale to measure the weight gain: age and gender-based BMI percentile rank |
Mâsse et al., 2014 [27] | Eight-month web-based electronic health intervention | Motivation was a key predictor factor for adolescents’ adherence to web- based intervention so that the entrance to the system decreased to 33.3% in the last 4 months of the intervention |
Baranowski et al., 2003 [28] | A training program in a daily camp for 4 weeks and a subsequent online training intervention | The mean BMI: An insignificant increase of the case subjects along with a marginal decrease in control people after the 12 week-intervention |
Group | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 90) | Intervention (n = 90) | ||
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Gender | |||
Male | 47 (52.2) | 52 (57.8) | 0.454 |
Female | 43 (47.8) | 38 (42.2) | |
Family size (n) | |||
3 | 32 (35.6) | 29 (32.2) | 0.925 |
4 | 39 (43.3) | 44 (48.9) | |
≥4 | 19 (21.1) | 17 (18.9) | |
Father’s educational level | |||
Till diploma | 80 (88.9) | 78 (86.7) | 0.459 |
Academic | 10 (11.1) | 12 (13.3) | |
Mother’s educational level | |||
Till diploma | 89 (98.9) | 85 (94.4) | 0.211 |
Academic | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.6) | |
Father’s job | |||
Employee | 16 (17.8) | 18 (20) | 0.703 |
Others | 74 (82.2) | 72 (80) | |
Mother’s job | |||
Housewife | 86 (95.6) | 85 (94.5) | 0.500 |
Others | 4 (4.4) | 5 (5.5) | |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Student’s age (years) | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 0.956 |
Father’s age (years) | 41.9 ± 4.27 | 41.3 ± 4.7 | 0.391 |
Mother’s age (years) | 36.8 ± 5.1 | 36.1 ± 5.0 | 0.380 |
Control group | Intervention group | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 90) | (n = 90) | ||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
BMI: | |||
Beginning | 26.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2 | 0.40 |
After 3 month | – | 26.71 ± 3.3 kg/m2 | |
After 6 month | 26.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2 | 26.74 ± 3.1 kg/m2 | 0.024, Partial eta2 = 0.028 |
Weight for age percentile: | |||
Beginning | 95.7 ± 3.8 | 96.1 ± 3.6 | 0.05 |
After 3 month | 96.7 ± 3.0 | ||
After 6 month | 96.9 ± 2.7 | 96.8 ± 3.1 | 0.044, Partial eta2 = 0.023 |