Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the established non-ionizing image modality of choice for head and neck disorders [ 1 , 2 ]. Moreover, MRI is also being increasingly used for dental imaging due to recent technical developments [ 3 – 7 ].

Class II malocclusion can be a result of maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, or a combination of factors [ 1 – 3 ]. When class II, division 1 malocclusion is associated with mandibular skeletal retrusion, a viable treatment option is the …

In vertebrates, bilateral structures are generally symmetrical with each other. However, perfect symmetry is a theoretical concept. For example, the face has a natural degree of asymmetry [ 1 ].

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) are widely used to correct dentofacial deformities [ 1 – 3 ]. Zhao et al. reported that both SSRO and IVRO are biologically adequate procedures to correct …

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL ± P) or isolated clefts of the palate (CP) are among the most common congenital malformations, requiring complex long-term treatment and having lifelong implications [ 26 ]. They reflect a breakdown in the normal …