nach oben

Head and Neck Pathology

Erschienen in:

31.01.2023 | Original Paper

Metastatic Disease to a Concurrent Thyroid Neoplasm: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

verfasst von: Michael Garneau, Eyas Alyzadneh, Geeta Lal, Anand Rajan KD

Erschienen in: Head and Neck Pathology | Ausgabe 2/2023

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

Metastatic disease to the thyroid gland is uncommon but well-described. Metastatic disease to a concurrent primary thyroid neoplasm is a rare phenomenon. We sought to study patients with metastasis to the thyroid with a focus on the histopathologic and clinical features in tumor-to-tumor metastasis.

Methods

We identified a series of patients with metastatic disease to the thyroid, with or without a concurrent primary neoplasm, through a search of the files of the Department of Pathology. All relevant slides were retrieved and reviewed, including routine HE and immunohistochemical stains. We performed a detailed English language literature search (1962–2022) and review to identify tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving the thyroid.

Results

We identified 14 patients with metastasis to the thyroid over a 22-year period. Four patients exhibited papillary thyroid carcinoma, with metastatic spread of a different malignancy seeding into the thyroid cancer. We describe the histopathologic diagnostic process and findings, clinical management, and the clinical course of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in greater detail for these 4 patients.

Conclusion

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis to the thyroid is a rare event with unique histopathologic features. Our findings suggest that the phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis serves to highlight broader mechanisms of metastatic disease in general. We provide the largest-to-date and comprehensive review of the literature to identify all previous reported instances of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving the thyroid.

Battistella E, Pomba L, Mattara G, Franzato B, Toniato A. Metastases to the thyroid gland: review of incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic problems and surgery, our experience. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43(11):1555–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01282-w.CrossRefPubMed

Nixon IJ, Coca-Pelaz A, Kaleva AI, Triantafyllou A, Angelos P, Owen RP, et al. Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a critical review. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(6):1533–9. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5683-4.CrossRefPubMed

Czech JM, Lichtor TR, Carney JA, van Heerden JA. Neoplasms metastatic to the thyroid gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982;155(4):503–5.PubMed

Nakhjavani MK, Gharib H, Goellner JR, van Heerden JA. Metastasis to the thyroid gland. A report of 43 cases. Cancer. 1997;79(3):574–8.CrossRefPubMed

Lam KY, Lo CY. Metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland: a study of 79 cases in chinese patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122(1):37–41.PubMed

Cichoń S, Anielski R, Konturek A, Barczyński M, Cichoń W. Metastases to the thyroid gland: seventeen cases operated on in a single clinical center. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2006;391(6):581–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-006-0081-1.CrossRefPubMed

Papi G, Fadda G, Corsello SM, Corrado S, Rossi ED, Radighieri E, et al. Metastases to the thyroid gland: prevalence, clinicopathological aspects and prognosis: a 10-year experience. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66(4):565–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02773.x.CrossRefPubMed

Moghaddam PA, Cornejo KM, Khan A. Metastatic carcinoma to the thyroid gland: a single institution 20-year experience and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 2013;24(3):116–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-013-9257-8.CrossRefPubMed

Hegerova L, Griebeler ML, Reynolds JP, Henry MR, Gharib H. Metastasis to the thyroid gland: report of a large series from the Mayo Clinic. Am J Clin Oncol. 2015;38(4):338–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/COC.0b013e31829d1d09.CrossRefPubMed

10.

HooKim K, Gaitor J, Lin O, Reid MD. Secondary tumors involving the thyroid gland: a multi-institutional analysis of 28 cases diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol. 2015;43(11):904–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.23331.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Stergianos S, Juhlin CC, Zedenius J, Calissendorff J, Falhammar H. Metastasis to the thyroid gland: characterization and survival of an institutional series spanning 28 years. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021;47(6):1364–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2021.02.018.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Nabili V, Natarajan S, Hirschovitz S, Bhuta S, Abemayor E. Collision tumor of thyroid: metastatic lung adenocarcinoma plus papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 2007;28(3):218–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.08.002.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Jin Y, Jiang Q, Li L, Zhao R, Xin T. Rectal cancer only metastasis to the thyroid which has a primary papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(6):769–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-014-1865-3.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Straker RJ, Modi MB, Elder DE, LiVolsi VA, Fraker DL, Xu X, et al. A case of tumor-to‐tumor metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2020;47(12):1196–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.13829.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Zafar I, Buzad F, Weir E. Colon Cancer metastatic to the thyroid gland in the setting of pathologically diagnosed papillary thyroid Cancer: a review and report of a case. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7314. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7314.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Pribek RA. Metastasis of cancer to cancer. A case report. JAMA. 1962;179:168–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1962.03050020000013c.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Mizukami Y, Saito K, Nonomura A, Michigishi T, Hashimoto T, Nakanuma Y, et al. Lung carcinoma metastatic to microfollicular adenoma of the thyroid. A case report. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1990;40(8):602–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.1990.tb01606.x.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Ro JY, Guerrieri C, El-Naggar AK, Ordóñez NG, Sorge JG, Ayala AG. Carcinomas metastatic to follicular adenomas of the thyroid gland. Report of two cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1994;118(5):551–6.PubMed

19.

Akamatsu H, Amano J, Suzuki A, Kikushima Y. [A case of micro-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma into adenoma of the thyroid]. 胸部外科 = 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌. 1994;47(4):319–21.

20.

Nonomura A, Mizukami Y, Shimizu J, Watanabe Y, Kamimura R, Takashima T. Two patients with metastasis of cancer to other neoplasm: a thyroid carcinoma metastatic to a lung carcinoma and a gastric carcinoma metastatic to a thyroid adenoma. Endocr Pathol. 1994;5(4):233–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02921492.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis to follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999;123(8):703–6. https://doi.org/10.5858/1999-123-0703-tttmtf.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Kameyama K, Kamio N, Okita H, Hata J. Metastatic carcinoma in follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Pathol Res Pract. 2000;196(5):333–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0344-0338(00)80065-5.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Giorgadze T, Ward RM, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Phyllodes tumor metastatic to thyroid HürthleCell Adenoma: an unusual tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002;126(10):1233–6.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Wolf G, Aigner RM, Humer-Fuchs U, Schwarz T, Krippl P, Wehrschuetz M. Nierenzellkarzinom‐Metastase in einem mikrofollikulären Adenom der Schilddrüse. Acta Med Aust. 2002;29(4):141–2. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1563-2571.2002.02009.x.CrossRef

25.

Shomaf M. Tumor-to-tumor metastases to follicular adenoma of thyroid: case report and review of the literature. Ann Saudi Med. 2002;22(3–4):224–6.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Witt RL. Colonic adenocarcinoma metastatic to thyroid Hürthle cell carcinoma presenting with airway obstruction. Delaware Med J. 2003;75(8):285–8.PubMed

27.

Ryska A, Cáp J. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis of renal cell carcinoma into oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid. Report of a case and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract. 2003;199(2):101–6. https://doi.org/10.1078/0344-0338-00361.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Terzi A, Altundag K, Saglam A, Gurlek A, Aksoy S, Baltali E, et al. Isolated metastasis of malignant melanoma into follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. J Endocrinol Investig. 2004;27(10):967–8.CrossRef

29.

Qian L, Pucci R, Castro CY, Eltorky MA. Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to Hürthle cell adenoma of thyroid. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2004;8(5):305–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2004.07.011.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Koo HL, Jang J, Hong SJ, Shong Y, Gong G. Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. A case report. Acta Cytol. 2004;48(1):64–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000326285.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Peteiro A, Duarte AM, Honavar M. Breast carcinoma metastatic to follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Histopathology. 2005;46(5):587–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02016.x.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Fadare O, Parkash V, Fiedler PN, Mayerson AB, Asiyanbola B. Tumor-to‐tumor metastasis to a thyroid follicular adenoma as the initial presentation of a colonic adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int. 2005;55(9):574–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01871.x.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Mori K, Kitazawa R, Kondo T, Kitazawa S. Lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary component presenting with metastatic scrotum tumor and cancer-to-cancer metastasis: a case report. Cases J. 2008;1(1):162. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1626-1-162.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Cherk MH, Moore M, Serpell J, Swain S, Topliss DJ. Metastatic colorectal cancer to a primary thyroid cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2008;6:122. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-6-122.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Yu J, Nikiforova MN, Hodak SP, Yim JH, Cai G, Walls A, et al. Tumor-to-tumor metastases to follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies of two unusual cases. Endocr Pathol. 2009;20(4):235–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-009-9087-x.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Yu J, Seethala RR, Walls A, Cai G. Fine-needle aspiration of breast carcinoma metastatic to follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2009;37(9):665–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.20992.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Hashimoto K, Yamamoto H, Nakano T, Oyama M, Shiratsuchi H, Nakashima T, et al. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Int. 2011;61(7):435–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02679.x.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Stevens TM, Richards AT, Bewtra C, Sharma P. Tumors metastatic to thyroid neoplasms: a Case Report and Review of the literature. Pathol Res Int. 2011;2011:238693. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/238693.CrossRef

39.

Medas F, Calò PG, Lai ML, Tuveri M, Pisano G, Nicolosi A. Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to thyroid tumor: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2013;7(1):265. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-7-265 PMID – 24325865.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Jackett L, Saxon S, McLean C, Swain S, Gomeze J, Zammit M. Tumour-to-tumour metastasis: colonic adenocarcinoma to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathology. 2013;45:70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PAT.0000426889.61639.d6.CrossRef

41.

Matsukuma S, Kono T, Takeo H, Hamakawa Y, Sato K. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis from lung cancer: a clinicopathological postmortem study. Virchows Arch. 2013;463(4):525–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-013-1455-8.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Yeo S-J, Kim K-J, Kim B-Y, Jung C-H, Lee S-W, Kwak J-J, et al. Metastasis of Colon cancer to medullary thyroid carcinoma: a Case Report. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29(10):1432–5. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1432 PMID – 25368499.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Pusztaszeri M, Wang H, Cibas ES, Powers CN, Bongiovanni M, Ali S, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of secondary neoplasms of the thyroid gland: a multi-institutional study of 62 cases: secondary tumors of the thyroid gland. Cancer Cytopathol. 2015;123(1):19–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.21494.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Wey S-L, Chang K-M. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: lung carcinoma metastasizing to thyroid neoplasms. Case Rep Pathol. 2015;2015:153932. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/153932.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Kefeli M, Mete O. An unusual solitary thyroid nodule with bloody follicles: metastatic renal cell Carcinoma within an infiltrative follicular variant Papillary Carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2016;27(2):171–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-016-9425-8 PMID – 26951109.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Afrogheh AH, Meserve E, Sadow PM, Stephen AE, Nosé V, Berlin S, et al. Molecular characterization of an endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastatic to a thyroid Hürthle Cell Adenoma showing cancerization of follicles. Endocr Pathol. 2016;27(3):213–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-015-9412-5.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Gowda KK, Bal A, Agrawal P, Verma R, Das A. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: small cell carcinoma lung metastasising into a follicular adenoma of the thyroid. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2017;60(1):133–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.200037.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Caballero-Castañeda D, Romero-Rojas AE, Parra-Medina R. «Tumor to tumor metástasis». Un evento poco frecuente. A propósito de un carcinoma renal metastásico a un carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Revista Española De Patología. 2017;50(4):222–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patol.2016.07.002.CrossRef

49.

Garg R, Koshy A, Rajwanshi A. Diagnostic efficacy of cell block and immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of a rare case of tumour-to-tumour metastasis. Cytopathology. 2017;28(4):345–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cyt.12432.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Kolson Kokohaare E, Riva FM, Bernstein JM, Miah AB, Thway K. Malignant solitary fibrous tumor metastatic to widely invasive Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma: a distinct tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Int J Surg Pathol. 2018;26(6):521–4.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Melis C, Ballaux F, Bourgain C. Curious residents of the thyroid gland: two case reports of colorectal carcinoma metastasis by fine-needle aspiration diagnosis. Acta Cytol. 2018;62(5–6):443–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000490367.CrossRefPubMed

52.

Ozoran E, Güzel M, Piraliyev E, Destek S, Aysan E. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: a case of lung carcinoma metastasizing to thyroid neoplasm. Aace Clin Case Reports. 2018;4(2):112–4. https://doi.org/10.4158/ep171981.cr.CrossRef

53.

Raveendrannair AK, Mathews A, Varghese BT, Jayasree K. Papillary carcinoma thyroid serving as recipient tumor to carcinoma breast: a rare example of tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2019;62(1):122–4. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.Ijpm_672_17.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Curry DE, Rigby MH, Bullock M. Melanoma to papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis to the head and neck and a re-evaluation of diagnostic criteria. Hum Pathol Case Rep. 2020;22:200445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehpc.2020.200445.CrossRef

55.

Luo M, Huang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y. Metastatic rectal cancer to papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report and review of literature. Bmc Gastroenterol. 2019;20(1):136. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-020-01286-z.CrossRef

56.

Bella-Cueto M-R, Pascua-Solé M, Cano-Palomares A, Cabezuelo-Hernandez M, Escoda-Giralt M-R, Barcons-Vilaplana S, et al. Metastatic renal cell Neoplasm within a papillary thyroid carcinoma as Incidental Finding in an asymptomatic patient: a Case Report. Sn Compr Clin Medicine. 2020;2(7):978–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00316-x.CrossRef

57.

Kiziltan G, Bozdogan N, Ozaslan C. Breast cancer metastasis into thyroid papillary carcinoma: a case report. Breast J. 2021;27(6):547–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.14219 PMID – 33751701.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Badawi F, Meliti A. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma to a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus. 2022;14(4):e23742. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23742.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Elsayed M, McCarthy A, Khan M. Tumour-to-tumour metastasis: rectal adenocarcinoma metastasis to medullary carcinoma of thyroid—case report and review of the literature. Hum Pathol Rep. 2022;27:300603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpr.2022.300603.CrossRef

60.

Clara U, Rossella DF, Giulio R, Gabriele M, Virginia L. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: lung typical carcinoid metastatic to follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2022;33(2):330–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-022-09706-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

Nguyen M, He G, Lam AK-Y. An update on the current epidemiological status of metastatic neoplasms to the thyroid. Cancer Epidemiol. 2022;79:102192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2022.102192.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Mistelou A, Papadatos SS, Kousi C, Lampri E, Mitsis M, Vougiouklakis T, et al. Thyroid gland as a target of secondary Malignancies - an autopsy study and Review Data. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2019;61(2):277–88. https://doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0077.CrossRefPubMed

63.

Silverberg SG, Vidone RA. Metastatic tumors in the thyroid. Pacif Med Surg. 1966;74:175–80.

64.

Campbell LV, Gilbert E, Chamberlain CR, Watne AL. Metastases of cancer to cancer. Cancer. 1968;22(3):635–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(196809)22:3.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Toriyama A, Mori T, Sekine S, Yoshida A, Hino O, Tsuta K. Utility of PAX8 mouse monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of thyroid, thymic, pleural and lung tumours: a comparison with polyclonal PAX8 antibody. Histopathology. 2014;65(4):465–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12405.CrossRefPubMed

66.

Nosé V. Papillary thyroid carcinoma, diffuse sclerosing variant. In: Nosé V, editor. Diagnostic Pathology: endocrine (Second Edition). Elsevier; 2018. pp. 184–9.

67.

Jang EK, Song DE, Gong G, Baek JH, Choi YM, Jeon MJ, et al. Positive cytology findings and a negative histological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the thyroid: is it a false-positive cytology or a disappearing Tumor? Eur Thyroid J. 2013;2(3):203–10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353624.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

68.

Bolat F, Kayaselcuk F, Nursal TZ, Reyhan M, Bal N, Yildirim S, et al. Histopathological changes in thyroid tissue after fine needle aspiration biopsy. Pathol - Res Pract. 2007;203(9):641–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2007.05.004.CrossRefPubMed

69.

Matias-Guiu X, LaGuette J, Puras-Gil AM, Rosai J. Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the thyroid gland mimicking Medullary Carcinoma: a pathologic and immunohistochemical study of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21(7):754–62.CrossRefPubMed

70.

Willis RA. Metastatic tumours in the Thyreoid Gland. Am J Pathol. 1931;7(3):187–208.183.PubMedPubMedCentral

71.

Chung AY, Tran TB, Brumund KT, Weisman RA, Bouvet M. Metastases to the thyroid: a review of the literature from the last decade. Thyroid. 2012;22(3):258–68. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0154.CrossRefPubMed

72.

McCabe DP, Farrar WB, Petkov TM, Finkelmeier W, O’Dwyer P, James A. Clinical and pathologic correlations in disease metastatic to the thyroid gland. Am J Surg. 1985;150(4):519–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(85)90167-9.CrossRefPubMed

73.

Nguyen M, He G, Lam AK. Clinicopathological and molecular features of secondary Cancer (metastasis) to the thyroid and advances in management. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063242.

Titel: Metastatic Disease to a Concurrent Thyroid Neoplasm: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
verfasst von: Michael Garneau
Eyas Alyzadneh
Geeta Lal
Anand Rajan KD
Publikationsdatum: 31.01.2023
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Head and Neck Pathology / Ausgabe 2/2023
Elektronische ISSN: 1936-0568
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-022-01509-7

Springer Medizin

Metastatic Disease to a Concurrent Thyroid Neoplasm: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Neu im Fachgebiet Pathologie

Molekularpathologische Untersuchungen im Wandel der Zeit

Vergleichende Pathologie in der onkologischen Forschung

Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren

Personalisierte Medizin in der Onkologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2023

The True History of Cementoblastoma

A Survey of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus Immunohistochemical Status in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

Identification of an Activating PDGFRA Deletion in a Novel Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

Prognostic Genomic Markers of Pathological Stage in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer

Laminin Immunostaining in Biopsies as a Useful Biomarker of Early Invasion in Actinic Cheilitis and Differential Diagnosis Between Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Cancer: New Insights

Neu im Fachgebiet Pathologie

Molekularpathologische Untersuchungen im Wandel der Zeit

Vergleichende Pathologie in der onkologischen Forschung

Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren

Personalisierte Medizin in der Onkologie