Introduction
Materials and methods
Study subjects
Clinical information
Statistical analysis
Results
Comparison of general information
FNEC (n = 40) | NEC (n = 166) | Z/χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (%) | 12 (30.0) | 36 (21.7) | − 1.114 | 0.265 |
Chorioamnionitis (%) | 3 (7.5) | 6 (3.6) | − 0.503 | 0.615 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus (%) | 8 (20.0) | 17 (10.2) | − 1.829 | 0.067 |
Fetal distress (%) | 7 (17.5) | 27 (16.3) | − 0.195 | 0.845 |
Placental abruption (%) | 9 (22.5) | 17 (10.2) | − 1.820 | 0.067 |
Premature of membrane (%) | 4 (10.0) | 41 (24.7) | − 1.948 | 0.051 |
Vaginal (%) | 12 (30.0) | 43 (25.9) | − 0.524 | 0.600 |
Multiple pregnancy (%) | 12 (30.0) | 56 (33.7) | − 0.450 | 0.653 |
Antenatal steroids (%) | 22 (55.0) | 111 (66.9) | − 1.405 | 0.160 |
FNEC (n = 40) | NEC (n = 166) | Z/χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age (week) | 31.1 (28.6, 33.3) | 31.7 (29.1, 34.7) | − 1.337 | 0.181 |
Birth weight (g) | 1315 (927, 2065) | 1545 (1192, 2102) | − 1.538 | 0.124 |
Gender—Male (%) | 27 (67.5) | 99 (59.6) | − 0.914 | 0.361 |
First feed day of life (h) | 19.5 (10.0, 35.0) | 22.0 (12.0, 35.3) | − 0.392 | 0.649 |
Breast milk (%) | 4 (10.0) | 25 (15.1) | − 0.887 | 0.375 |
Full feeds achieved (%) | 12 (30.0) | 71 (42.8) | − 1.503 | 0.133 |
Enteral feed volume before onset (ml/kg) | 72.5 (12.0, 115.0) | 104.0 (63.4, 130.0) | − 2.739 | 0.006 |
FNEC | NEC | Z/χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 40) | (n = 166) | |||
NEC age onset (d) | 16.5 (4.0, 29.8) | 13 (7.25) | − 0.096 | 0.923 |
Distention at NEC onset (n%) | 28 (70.0) | 93 (56.0) | − 1.608 | 0.108 |
Bloody stools at NEC onset (n%) | 9 (22.5) | 59 (35.5) | − 1.571 | 0.116 |
Fever at NEC onset (n%) | 4 (10.0) | 5 (3.0) | − 1.936 | 0.053 |
Vomit at NEC onset (n%) | 7 (17.5) | 16 (9.6) | − 1.414 | 0.157 |
Assisted ventilation at NEC onset intubated (n%) | 28 (70.0) | 45 (27.1) | − 5.079 | < 0.001 |
Shock at NEC onset (n%) | 15 (37.5) | 23 (13.9) | − 3.453 | 0.001 |
Pneumatosis at NEC onset (n%) | 14 (35.0) | 34 (20.5) | − 1.945 | 0.052 |
Portal venous gas at NEC onset (n%) | 5 (12.5) | 11 (6.6) | − 1.243 | 0.214 |
Pneumoperitoneum at NEC onset (n%) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (3.0) | − 1.316 | 0.188 |
ANC before NEC onset (109/L) | 4.69 (2.34, 6.34) | 4.42 (2.69, 6.14) | − 0.022 | 0.982 |
ALC before NEC onset (109/L) | 2.91 (1.48,4.32) | 3.63 (2.52, 4.64) | − 1.879 | 0.6 |
AMC before NEC onset (109/L) | 0.78 (0.45, 1.66) | 0.95 (0.61, 1.28) | − 0.629 | 0.529 |
AEC before NEC onset (109/L) | 0.37 (0.12, 0.61) | 0.43 (0.20, 0.74) | − 1.309 | 0.191 |
PLT before NEC onset (109/L) | 231 (147, 327) | 267 (183, 342) | − 1.172 | 0.241 |
CRP before NEC onset (mg/dL) | 0.30 (0.20, 0.72) | 0.50 (0.21, 1.00) | − 1.573 | 0.116 |
Lac before NEC onset (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | − 1.365 | 0.172 |
ANC at NEC onset (109/L) | 2.61 (1.82, 4.80) | 4.56 (3.09, 8.26) | − 3.855 | < 0.001 |
ALC at NEC onset (109/L) | 1.10 (0.71, 1.94) | 2.00 (1.14, 3.66) | − 3.41 | 0.001 |
AMC at NEC onset (109/L) | 0.29 (0.09, 0.55) | 0.7 (0.378, 0.99) | − 4.614 | < 0.001 |
AEC at NEC onset (109/L) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.13) | 0.13 (0.04, 0.32) | − 3.176 | 0.001 |
PLT at NEC onset (109/L) | 166 (113, 223) | 220 (145, 295) | − 2.615 | 0.009 |
CRP at NEC onset (mg/dL) | 43.77 (9.10, 82.59) | 20.99 (3.44, 67.91) | − 1.925 | 0.051 |
Lac at NEC onset (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.2, 3.4) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | − 2.887 | 0.004 |
ANC day 1 after NEC (109/L) | 3.23 (1.97, 5.12) | 5.30 (3.31, 8.30) | − 3.99 | 0.001 |
ALC day 1 after NEC (109/L) | 1.37 (0.82, 2.56) | 2.76 (1.72, 4.11) | − 4.249 | < 0.001 |
AMC day 1 after NEC (109/L) | 0.40 (0.21, 0.74) | 0.94 (0.64, 1.39) | − 5.109 | < 0.001 |
AEC day 1 after NEC (109/L) | 0.20 (0.06, 0.61) | 0.25 (0.06, 0.61) | − 0.782 | 0.434 |
PLT day 1 after NEC (109/L) | 108 (56, 226) | 199 (123, 259) | − 3.392 | 0.001 |
CRP day 1 after NEC (mg/dL) | 62.50 (26.57, 106.36) | 45.98 (11.53, 87.53) | − 1.799 | 0.072 |
Lac day 1 after NEC (mg/dL) | 2.4 (1.4, 4.5) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | − 3.486 | < 0.001 |
FNEC | NEC | Z/χ2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 40) | (n = 166) | |||
ANC day 1 after birth (109/L) | 3.06 (1.74, 5.03) | 4.64 (2.73, 6.60) | − 3.33 | 0.002 |
ALC day 1 after birth (109/L) | 3.69 (2.76, 4.23) | 3.69 (2.49, 4.98) | − 0.592 | 0.554 |
AMC day 1 after birth (109/L) | 0.48 (0.25, 0.99) | 0.60 (0.32, 0.96) | − 0.968 | 0.333 |
AEC day 1 after birth (109/L) | 0.15 (0.07, 0.38) | 0.19 (0.09, 0.35) | − 1.345 | 0.179 |
ANC day 2 after birth (109/L) | 4.40 (3.06, 5.96) | 6.73 (4.24, 9.59) | − 3.586 | 0 |
ALC day 2 after birth (109/L) | 2.11 (1.29, 3.09) | 2.55 (1.77, 3.85) | − 2.286 | 0.022 |
AMC day 2 after birth (109/L) | 0.53 (0.28, 0.73) | 0.74 (0.46,1.16) | − 2.739 | 0.006 |
AEC day 2 after birth (109/L) | 0.09 (0.28, 0.24) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.23) | − 0.897 | 0.37 |
ANC day 3 after birth (109/L) | 2.58 (1.65, 6.22) | 4.31 (2.38, 7.21) | − 2.11 | 0.035 |
ALC day 3 after birth (109/L) | 2.24 (1.31, 3.73) | 4.31 (2.38, 7.22) | − 1.934 | 0.053 |
AMC day 3 after birth (109/L) | 0.68 (0.42, 1.17) | 4.31 (2.38, 7.21) | − 1.378 | 0.168 |
AEC day 3 after birth (109/L) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.26) | 0.23 (0.10, 0.27) | − 1.122 | 0.262 |
Multivariate regression analysis of the occurrence of FNEC
Factors | B | S. E | Wald | p | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ventilation | 1.494 | 0.4907 | 3.04 | 0.002 | 4.456 | 1.703–11.658 |
Shock | 1.100 | 0.543 | 2.03 | 0.043 | 3.003 | 1.037–8.699 |
Volume Onset | − 0.013 | 0.005 | − 2.74 | 0.006 | 0.393 | 0.202–0.767 |
ANConset | − 0.146 | 0.068 | − 2.14 | 0.032 | 0.500 | 0.245–0.939 |
ANCday1 | − 0.17 | 0.086 | − 1.98 | 0.048 | 0.434 | 0.190–0.993 |
ALCday1 | − 0.293 | 0.126 | − 2.01 | 0.045 | 0.475 | 0.230–0.982 |
AMCday1 | − 1.561 | 0.543 | − 2.87 | 0.004 | 0.287 | 0.123–0.673 |
Constant | − 2.148 | 0.791 | 2.71 | 0.007 |