Background
Methods
Study design
Study subjects
Detection of O. viverrini-IgG antibody
Analysis of IL-1β and TNF-α polymorphisms
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | Cases | Controls | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 219 | % | n = 438 | % | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 92 | 42.0 | 184 | 42.0 |
Male | 127 | 58.0 | 254 | 58.0 |
Age at recruitment (years) | ||||
30–39 | 7 | 3.2 | 13 | 3.0 |
40–49 | 34 | 15.5 | 70 | 16.0 |
50–59 | 99 | 45.2 | 199 | 45.4 |
60–69 | 79 | 36.1 | 156 | 35.6 |
Median (min: max) | 57 (31: 69) | 57 (30: 70) | ||
Education level | ||||
Illiterate | 26 | 11.9 | 15 | 3.4 |
Primary school | 185 | 84.5 | 398 | 90.9 |
Secondary school or higher | 8 | 3.7 | 25 | 5.7 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 4 | 1.8 | 11 | 2.5 |
Married | 173 | 79.0 | 362 | 82.7 |
Divorced | 14 | 6.4 | 20 | 4.6 |
Widowed | 28 | 12.8 | 45 | 10.3 |
Occupation | ||||
Farmer | 195 | 89.0 | 399 | 91.1 |
Government official | 5 | 2.3 | 16 | 3.7 |
Commercial | 15 | 6.9 | 16 | 3.7 |
General employee | 4 | 1.8 | 7 | 1.6 |
Household income per year (Baht) | ||||
Less than 60,000 (Low) | 213 | 97.3 | 418 | 95.4 |
60,001–119,999 (Medium) | 4 | 1.8 | 10 | 2.3 |
≥ 120,000 (High) | 2 | 0.9 | 10 | 2.3 |
Median (min: max) | 10,000 (1200: 120,000) | 10,000 (1000: 360,000) | ||
O. viverrini egg in stool | ||||
Negative | 115 | 62.2 | 230 | 62.2 |
Positive | 70 | 37.8 | 140 | 37.8 |
Variables | Cases | Controls | ORa | 95% CI | P-value | ORb | 95% CI | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % |
n
| % | |||||||
O. viverrini-IgG antibody | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||||
OD ≤ 0.24 | 32 | 18.8 | 109 | 31.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
OD > 0.24 | 138 | 81.2 | 243 | 69.0 | 2.0 | 1.3–3.1 | 2.1 | 1.2–3.9 | ||
IL-1B C-511 T polymorphisms | 0.05 | 0.22 | ||||||||
CC | 40 | 23.6 | 69 | 19.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
CT | 99 | 58.2 | 187 | 52.8 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.4 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.5 | ||
TT | 31 | 18.2 | 98 | 27.7 | 0.5 | 0.3–0.9 | 0.4 | 0.2–0.8 | ||
TNF-A G-308A polymorphisms | 0.19 | 0.30 | ||||||||
GG | 105 | 61.8 | 244 | 68.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
GA | 29 | 17.1 | 58 | 16.3 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.8 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.4 | ||
AA | 36 | 21.1 | 53 | 14.9 | 1.6 | 1.0–2.6 | 1.7 | 0.9–3.3 |
Polymorphisms | O. viverrini infection intensity | Cases | Controls | ORa | 95% CI | P-value | P-valueb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
|
n
| ||||||
IL-1B C-511 T | IgG antibody | 0.52 | |||||
CC | OD ≤ 0.24 | 8 | 27 | 1.0 | |||
CT | OD ≤ 0.24 | 17 | 56 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.5 | 0.90 | |
TT | OD ≤ 0.24 | 7 | 26 | 0.9 | 0.3–3.1 | 0.88 | |
CC | OD > 0.24 | 32 | 42 | 2.5 | 0.9–6.6 | 0.06 | |
CT | OD > 0.24 | 82 | 129 | 2.1 | 0.9–4.9 | 0.10 | |
TT | OD > 0.24 | 24 | 72 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.8 | 0.89 | |
TNF-A G-308A | IgG antibody | 0.64 | |||||
GG | OD ≤ 0.24 | 18 | 73 | 1.0 | |||
GA | OD ≤ 0.24 | 5 | 20 | 0.9 | 0.3–2.8 | 0.87 | |
AA | OD ≤ 0.24 | 8 | 14 | 2.2 | 0.8–6.0 | 0.14 | |
GG | OD > 0.24 | 87 | 169 | 2.1 | 1.2–3.7 | 0.01 | |
GA | OD > 0.24 | 24 | 38 | 2.4 | 1.1–4.9 | 0.02 | |
AA | OD > 0.24 | 27 | 37 | 2.8 | 1.4–5.8 | 0.01 |