Introduction
Methods and materials
Study area and period
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Sample size and sampling technique
Data collection instrument and procedures
Data quality assurance
Ethical consideration
Data entry and analysis
Operational definitions
Results
Variables | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Parental gender
| ||
Mother | 224 | 58.2 |
Father | 161 | 41.8 |
Age
| ||
18–24 | 132 | 34.3 |
25–39 | 166 | 43.1 |
40 and above | 87 | 22.6 |
Marital status
| ||
Married | 322 | 83.6 |
Not married | 63 | 16.4 |
Residency
| ||
Urban | 187 | 48.6 |
Rural | 198 | 51.4 |
Educational level
| ||
No formal education | 119 | 30.9 |
Elementary school | 92 | 23.9 |
Secondary school | 83 | 21.6 |
Collage and above | 91 | 23.6 |
Profession
| ||
Housewife | 70 | 18.2 |
Farmer | 106 | 27.5 |
Student | 59 | 15.3 |
Gov’t employ | 72 | 18.7 |
Private employ | 78 | 20.3 |
Parental hospital stay
| ||
≤ 15 days | 244 | 63.4 |
> 15 days | 141 | 36.6 |
Neonatal gender
| ||
Male | 188 | 48.8 |
Female | 197 | 51.2 |
Birth weight
| ||
High birth weight | 83 | 21.5 |
Normal birth weight | 162 | 42.1 |
Low birth weight | 140 | 36.4 |
Gestational age
| ||
Premature | 60 | 15.6 |
Full term | 325 | 84.4 |
Neonatal hospital stay
| ||
≤ 15 days | 235 | 61 |
> 15 days | 150 | 39 |
Admission diagnosis
| ||
Infection | 65 | 16.9 |
Respiratory problems | 115 | 29.9 |
Prematurity | 59 | 15.3 |
Gastrointestinal problems | 38 | 9.9 |
Jaundice | 47 | 12.2 |
Neurological problems | 21 | 5.5 |
Cardiological problems | 26 | 6.8 |
Others | 14 | 3.5 |
Explanatory factor analysis for subscales of parental satisfaction with NICU-care service
Item | Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
| |
Information
| ||||
What level of doctor’s information do you have regarding the child’s expected health outcomes? | 0.752 | |||
How satisfied are you with the physicians’ and nurses’ information similarity? | 0.704 | |||
How are you satisfied with doctors’ and nurses’ honesty in providing information? | 0.59 | |||
How satisfied are you with daily discussions with doctors and nurses about your child’s care and treatment? | 0.58 | |||
How understandable was the information provided by the doctors and nurses? | 0.763 | |||
How satisfied were you with the correct information when the child’s physical condition deteriorated? | 0.428 | 0.657 | ||
How satisfied were you with the clear answers to your questions? | 0.653 | |||
How clear is the doctor’s information about the consequences of the child’s treatment? | 0.533 | |||
To what extent do you receive clear information about the examinations and tests? | 0.713 | |||
To what extent the information brochure received was complete and clear? | 0.641 | |||
How much clear information is given regarding a child’s illness? | 0.626 | |||
Level of received understandable information about the effects of the drugs? | 0.606 | |||
Care & Treatment
| ||||
Level of child’s comfort taken into account by the doctors and nurses? | 0.826 | |||
The extent of satisfaction During acute situations on availability of nurses to support? | 0.822 | |||
Level of team alertness to the prevention and treatment of pain of neonate? | 0.797 | |||
Level of care taken to nurses while in the incubator/bed? | 0.634 | 0.501 | ||
Level of correct medication always administered on time? | 0.631 | 0.402 | ||
level of emotional support that has been provided? | 0.84 | |||
The doctors and nurses responded well to our own needs | 0.809 | |||
Transferals of care from the neonatal intensive care unit staff to colleagues in the high-care unit or pediatric ward had gone well? | 0.782 | |||
Every day we knew who of the doctors and nurses was responsible for our child. | 0.695 | |||
How closely did doctors and nurses collaborate during work? | 0.578 | 0.466 | ||
Level of a common goal: to provide the finest care and treatment for our child and ourselves. | 0.774 | |||
Level of physicians and nurses paid close attention to our child’s development? | 0.756 | |||
The team as a whole was concerned for our child and you. | 0.698 | |||
Our child’s requirements were met promptly | 0.455 | |||
The extent of doctors’ and nurses’ professional knowledge of what they are doing? | 0.847 | |||
How satisfied are you with the doctors’ and nurses’ understanding of the child’s medical history at the time of admission? | 0.765 | |||
How satisfied are you with the rapid actions taken by doctors and nurses when a child’s condition deteriorated? | 0.723 | |||
Parental Participation
| ||||
How involved are you in making decisions about our child’s care and treatment? | 0.803 | |||
The nurses had trained us on the specific aspects of newborn care. | 0.796 | |||
We were encouraged to stay close to our children. | 0.714 | |||
Before discharge, the care for our child was once more discussed with us. | 0.617 | |||
Even during intensive procedures, we could always stay close to our child. | 0.841 | |||
The nurses stimulated us to help in the care of our child | 0.837 | |||
The nurses helped us in the bonding with our child | 0.532 | 0.575 | ||
We had confidence in the team | 0.561 | |||
Organization
| ||||
The Neonatology unit made us feel safe | 0.885 | |||
There was a warm atmosphere in the Neonatology unit without hostility | 0.805 | |||
The Neonatology unit was clean | 0.733 | 0.404 | ||
The unit could easily be reached by telephone | 0.809 | |||
Our child’s incubator or bed was clean | 0.8 | |||
The team worked efficiently | 0.661 | |||
There was enough space around our child’s incubator/bed | 0.9 | |||
Noise in the unit was muffled as good as possible | 0.788 | |||
Professional Attitude
| ||||
Our child’s health always came first for the doctors and nurses | 0.799 | |||
The team worked hygienically | 0.747 | |||
Our cultural background was taken into account | 0.728 | |||
The doctors and nurses always took time to listen to us | 0.876 | |||
We felt welcome by the team | 0.804 | |||
Despite the workload, sufficient attention was paid to our child and us by the team | 0.584 | 0.508 | ||
Nurses and doctors always introduced themselves by name and function | 0.794 | |||
We received sympathy from the doctors and nurses | 0.786 | |||
At our bedside, the discussion between the doctors and nurses was only about our child. | 0.457 | 0.582 | ||
The team respected the privacy of our children and us. | 0.874 | |||
There was a pleasant atmosphere among the staff | 0.743 | |||
The team showed respect for our child and us | 0.519 | 0.609 |
Reliability of items of EMPATHIC-N tool
Dimension | Number of Items | Χηρονβαχη α | Mean dimension score (SD) | Maximum possible dimension score | Inter-item correlation (IIC) | Item-discriminant validity (IDV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Information | 12 | 0.639 | 39.55(8.42) | 72 | 0.22–0.48* | 0.20–0.57 |
Care & Treatment | 17 | 0.791 | 81.70(20.49) | 170 | 0.14–0.64* | 0.25–0.38 |
Parental Participation | 8 | 0.755 | 24.86(7.79) | 48 | 0.01–0.71* | 0.37–0.54 |
Organization | 8 | 0.729 | 25.22(7.39) | 48 | 0.11–0.64* | 0.34–0.69 |
Professional Attitude | 12 | 0.694 | 38.106 (9.07) | 72 | 0.13–0.56* | 0.22–0.45 |
EMPATHIC-N tool | 57 | 0.904 | 209.44(42.82) | 410 | c | c |
Parental satisfaction level with NICU-care service
Factors associated with the overall parental satisfaction of NICU care service
Variables | Satisfaction level on NICU- service | Crude odds ratio | Adjusted odds ratio | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfied | Not Satisfied | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
Gender
| |||||
Mother | 117(52.2%) | 107(47.8%) | 1.53(1.02,2.31) | 2.16(1.28,3.63) | 0.004* |
Father | 67(41.6%) | 94(58.4%) | 1 | ||
Residency
| |||||
Urban | 68(36.4%) | 119(63.6%) | 1 | ||
Rural | 116(58.6%) | 82(41.4%) | 2.48(1.64,3.73) | 2.94(1.42,6.06) | 0.004* |
Parental hospital stay
| |||||
≤ 15 days | 140(57.4%) | 104(42.6%) | 2.97(1.92,4.59) | 2.18(1.13,4.20) | 0.019* |
> 15days | 44(31.2%) | 97(68.8%) | 1 | ||
Birth weight
| |||||
High birth weight | 34(41.0%) | 49(59.0%) | 1 | ||
Normal birth weight | 96(59.3%) | 66(40.7%) | 2.09(1.22,3.59) | 2.14(1.16,3.94) | 0.015* |
Low birth weight | 54(38.6%) | 86(61.4%) | 0.91(0.52,1.58) | 0.76(0.41,1.41) | 0.38 |
Gestational age
| |||||
Premature | 18(30.0%) | 42(70.0%) | 1 | ||
Full term | 166(51.1%) | 159(48.9%) | 2.44(1.35,4.41) | 2.53(1.29,4.97) | 0.007* |