Background
Definitions
Global overview of prevalence of prescription drug diversion, misuse, and abuse
Global overview of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Guidelines and policies
Aim of the study
Methodology
Scoping review
Framework stage 1: identifying the research question
Criteria | Determinants |
---|---|
Population | People living with HIV age (18 years and above) |
Concept | Prescription drug diversion, misuse and abuse |
Context | Prevalence, practices, motives, risk factors, and ART adherence |
Framework stage 2: identifying relevant studies
Framework stage 3: study selection
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
---|---|---|
Language | English | None English language studies |
Population | People living with HIV (PLWH) | Studies which do not focus on PLWH or do not include PLWH |
Period | Studies published from 1 January 1996 to 30 June 2019 | Studies published before January 1996 |
Type of studies | Primary and secondary studies | Review articles (including systematic review and meta-analysis) However, reference list from review articles will be searched for further eligible studies |
Studies designs | Quantitative Qualitative Mixed methods Randomized controlled trial Cohort study (prospective observational study) Case-control study Cross-sectional study Case reports and series Ideas, editorials, opinions Crossover design | Animal research studies Test-tube lab research |
Study focus | Studies that report on either of the following: • Prescription drug diversion • Prescription drug misuse • Prescription drug abuse • Recreational/non-medical use/misuse/abuse/illicit/selling/trading/sharing/giving away/stealing/losing, and doctor shopping of prescribed drugs • Prevalence of prescription drug diversion, misuse or abuse • Practices of prescription drug diversion, misuse or abuse • Motives (other terms such as reasons, cause, purpose, intention, motivation, drive, and aim maybe used) of prescription drug diversion, misuse, or abuse • Risk factors of prescription drug diversion, misuse, or abuse • ART adherence | Studies that do not focus or report on the following: • Prescription drug diversion, misuse or abuse • Prevalence, practices, motives, risk factors and ART adherence associated with prescription drug diversion, misuse or abuse |
Drug classes | Studies that report on diversion, misuse, and abuse of the below drug classes: • Sedatives—including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and sleep medications • Analgesics—including opioids heroin, morphine, hydromorphone, meperidine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, buprenorphine, methadone, fentanyl, and codeine • Stimulants—including cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylphenidate • Z-drugs (nonbenzodiazepines)—including imdazopyridines, cycloprrolones, pyrazolopyridines, and sleep medication • Anesthetic drugs • Antiretroviral drugs • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication • Cannabinoids | Studies that report on diversion, misuse, and abuse of the below drug classes will be excluded: • Ecstasy drug—since it has no accepted medical indication |
Date and time | Keyword search | Search engine used | Number of publication retrieved | Number of duplicates |
---|---|---|---|---|
16 August 2017 | Drug diversion (filtered by publication year 01/01/1996 to 31/07/2017) | PubMed | 1852 | 0 |
16 August 2017 | Prescription drug diversion (filtered by publication year 01/01/1996 to 31/07/2017) | PubMed | 556 | 0 |
16 August 2017 | Prescription drug misuse (filtered by publication year 01/01/1996 to 31/07/2017) | PubMed | 9459 | 0 |
16 August 2017 | Prescription drug abuse (filtered by publication year 01/01/1996 to 31/07/2017) | PubMed | 11193 | 0 |
Framework stage 4: charting the data
Author and date | |
Study title | |
Journal full reference | |
Aims or research question | |
Participants characteristics | |
Recruitment methods | |
Sampling method | |
Study design | |
Data collection (what data collection methods were used?) | |
Data analysis (how was the data analyzed?) | |
Exposures/interventions | |
Outcome | |
Most relevant finding | |
Conclusions | |
Comments |
Framework stage 5: collating, summarizing, and reporting the results
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❖ Familiarize themselves with data (through reading) of all eligible studies, considering the research question and anticipated outcomes
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❖ Use a google form to capture extracted data addressing the research question
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❖ Generate codes of the extracted data to describe the themes or patterns
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❖ Categorize codes into major themes
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❖ Display the categorized extracted data and review themes
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❖ Identify patterns and define themes and sub-themes
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❖ Summarize data