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Current Diabetes Reports

Erschienen in:

01.09.2019 | Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (M-E Patti, Section Editor)

Regulation of Glucose Production in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes

verfasst von: Ashot Sargsyan, Mark A. Herman

Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports | Ausgabe 9/2019

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Increased glucose production associated with hepatic insulin resistance contributes to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D. The molecular mechanisms accounting for increased glucose production remain controversial. Our aims were to review recent literature concerning molecular mechanisms regulating glucose production and to discuss these mechanisms in the context of physiological experiments and observations in humans and large animal models.

Recent Findings

Genetic intervention studies in rodents demonstrate that insulin can control hepatic glucose production through both direct effects on the liver, and through indirect effects to inhibit adipose tissue lipolysis and limit gluconeogenic substrate delivery. However, recent experiments in canine models indicate that the direct effects of insulin on the liver are dominant over the indirect effects to regulate glucose production. Recent molecular studies have also identified insulin-independent mechanisms by which hepatocytes sense intrahepatic carbohydrate levels to regulate carbohydrate disposal.

Summary

Dysregulation of hepatic carbohydrate sensing systems may participate in increased glucose production in the development of diabetes.

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Titel: Regulation of Glucose Production in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
verfasst von: Ashot Sargsyan
Mark A. Herman
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports / Ausgabe 9/2019
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Elektronische ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1195-5

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