Background
Methods
Subjects
Data collection
Definitions
Statistical analysis
Results
Subject characteristics
Characteristics | Total | T1 N = 1687 | T2 N = 1710 | T3 N = 1696 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | < 0.001 | ||||
Total | 65(60,71) | 62(56,67) | 66(61,70) | 67(61,71) | |
≤ 60 | 1461(28.7) | 700(41.5) | 390(22.8) | 371(21.9) | |
> 60 | 3632(71.3) | 987(58.5) | 1320(77.2) | 1325(78.1) | |
Sex | < 0.001 | ||||
Male | 2597(51.0) | 867(51.4) | 775(45.2) | 955(56.3) | |
Female | 2490(49.0) | 820(48.6) | 935(54.7) | 741(43.7) | |
SBP (mmHg) | 140.0(130.0,160.0) | 140.0(130.0,160.0) | 143.0(130.0,160.0) | 140.0(127.0,160.0) | 0.061 |
DBP (mmHg) | 81.0(80.0,90.0) | 85.0(80.0,93.0) | 80.0(80.0,90.0) | 80.0(76.0,90.0) | < 0.001 |
Drinking (%) | 1242(24.4) | 459(27.2) | 398(23.3) | 385(22.7) | 0.004 |
Smoking (%) | 2105(41.3) | 728(43.2) | 687(40.2) | 690(40.7) | 0.170 |
Hypertension (%) | 3915(76.9) | 1336(79.2) | 1372(80.2) | 1207(71.2) | < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia (%) | 902(17.7) | 402(23.8) | 324(18.9) | 176(10.4) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.1(5.6,7.1) | 6.0(5.5,6.9) | 6.1(5.6,7.1) | 6.3(5.6,7.5) | < 0.001 |
FBG (mmol/l) | 6.2(5.2,8.3) | 6.3(5.3,8.3) | 6.2(5.2,8.1) | 6.4(5.2,8.7) | 0.019 |
CRP (mg/l) | 3.5(2.0,7.4) | 2.6(1.5,4.3) | 2.8(1.8,4.9) | 6.0(2.9,15.4) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 109.8(88.3,131.1) | 110.1(91.8,129.0) | 110.2(84.2,126.9) | 108.5(83.0,130.2) | 0.831 |
LVEF (%) | 61.0(56.8,65.0) | 63.0(60.0,66.0) | 62.0(59.0,65.0) | 58.0(51.0,62.0) | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/l) | 1.4(1.0,2.1) | 1.5(1.1,2.1) | 1.4(1.0,2.0) | 1.2(0.9,1.7) | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/l) | 4.3(3.6,5.1) | 4.5(3.8,5.2) | 4.5(3.7,5.2) | 4.0(3.3,4.9) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.8(2.2,3.5) | 3.0(2.4,3.6) | 2.9(2.3,3.6) | 2.6(2.0,3.4) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/l) | 0.9(1.0,1.3) | 1.0(0.9,1.3) | 1.1(0.9,1.3) | 1.0(0.8,1.2) | < 0.001 |
Proteinuria (%) | 283(5.6) | 25(1.5) | 65(3.8) | 193(11.4) | < 0.001 |
NYHA classification (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
I | 558(11.0) | 288(17.1) | 190(11.1) | 80(4.7) | |
II | 3049(59.9) | 1180(69.9) | 1181(69.1) | 688(40.6) | |
III | 1201(23.6) | 197(11.7) | 298(17.4) | 706(41.6) | |
IV | 285(5.6) | 22(1.3) | 41(2.4) | 222(13.1) | |
Previous PCI (%) | 462(9.1) | 129(7.6) | 159(9.3) | 174(10.3) | 0.028 |
Previous CABG (%) | 123(2.4) | 20(1.2) | 38(2.2) | 65(3.8) | < 0.001 |
Previous MI (%) | 616(12.1) | 112(6.6) | 173(10.1) | 331(19.5) | < 0.001 |
Glucose regulation state (%) | 0.021 | ||||
NG | 1807(35.5) | 583(34.6) | 647(37.8) | 577(34.0) | |
Pre-DM | 1325(26.0) | 472(28.0) | 427(25.0) | 426(25.1) | |
DM | 1961(38.5) | 632(37.5) | 636(37.2) | 693(40.9) | |
Current antihypertensive medication (%) | 3126(61.4) | 1012(60.0) | 1069(62.5) | 1045(61.6) | 0.309 |
Current antilipidemic medication (%) | 3808(74.8) | 1282(76.0) | 1305(76.3) | 1221(72.0) | 0.005 |
CIMT (cm) | 0.9(0.8,1.1) | 0.9(0.8,1.0) | 0.9(0.8,1.1) | 1.0(0.9,1.1) | < 0.001 |
Carotid artery plaque (%) | 4177(82.0) | 1270(75.3) | 1408(82.3) | 1499(88.4) | < 0.001 |
Number of carotid artery plaque (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
0 | 916(18.0) | 417(24.7) | 302(17.7) | 197(11.6) | |
1 | 399(7.8) | 160(9.5) | 146(8.5) | 93(5.5) | |
≥ 2 | 3778(74.2) | 1110(65.8) | 1262(73.8) | 1406(82.9) | |
Carotid artery plaque echo property (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Hypoechoic plaque | 192(3.8) | 86(5.1) | 49(2.9) | 57(3.4) | |
Isoechoic plaque | 379(7.4) | 148(8.8) | 128(7.5) | 103(6.1) | |
Hyperechoic
plaque | 2413(47.4) | 691(41.0) | 809(47.3) | 913(53.8) | |
Mixture plaque | 1200(23.6) | 348(20.6) | 423(24.7) | 429(25.3) |
Association between the NT-proBNP and the risk of carotid artery plaques
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
NT-proBNP | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.76(1.42–2.17) | < 0.001 | 1.38(1.14–1.68) | 0.001 | 1.37(1.01–1.85) | 0.043 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.53(1.30–1.81) | < 0.001 | 1.10(0.92–1.32) | 0.297 | 1.03(0.83–1.29) | 0.775 |
> 480 | 2.50(2.08–3.01) | < 0.001 | 1.58(1.29–1.92) | < 0.001 | 1.67(1.26–2.22) | < 0.001 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
NT-proBNP | ||||||
Males | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.26(1.03–1.55) | 0.023 | 1.10(0.92–1.31) | 0.316 | 1.27(0.88–1.82) | 0.203 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.48(1.13–1.94) | 0.004 | 1.11(0.83–1.47) | 0.488 | 1.07(0.76–1.51) | 0.695 |
> 480 | 2.12(1.62–2.80) | < 0.001 | 1.49(1.12–1.99) | 0.007 | 2.12(1.37–3.30) | 0.001 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.007 | < 0.001 | |||
Females | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 3.04(1.96–4.72) | < 0.001 | 1.12(1.11–1.14) | < 0.001 | 1.52(0.93–2.47) | 0.095 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.68(1.25–2.08) | < 0.001 | 1.08(0.86–1.37) | 0.508 | 0.98(0.73–1.31) | 0.879 |
> 480 | 2.76(2.14–3.57) | < 0.001 | 1.62(1.23–2.14) | 0.001 | 1.35(0.93–1.97) | 0.118 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
NT-proBNP | ||||||
≤ 60 | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.41(1.11–1.80) | 0.005 | 1.41(1.10–1.81) | 0.006 | 1.03(0.74–1.42) | 0.877 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.36(1.04–1.76) | 0.023 | 1.32(1.01–1.72) | 0.042 | 1.16(0.84–1.62) | 0.372 |
> 480 | 2.01(1.51–2.67) | < 0.001 | 1.87(1.40–2.49) | < 0.001 | 1.46(0.95–2.25) | 0.082 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.112 | |||
> 60 | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 2.11(1.50–2.98) | < 0.001 | 1.53(1.12–2.09) | 0.008 | 1.74(1.17–2.60) | 0.006 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.12(0.89–1.42) | 0.329 | 1.18(0.93.1.50) | 0.167 | 1.09(0.81.1.46) | 0.575 |
> 480 | 1.97(1.51–2.56) | < 0.001 | 1.90(1.46–2.48) | < 0.001 | 2.08(1.43–3.01) | < 0.001 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Association between the NT-proBNP and the risk of carotid artery plaques according to glucose regulation state
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
Normal glucose regulation | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 2.99(1.91–4.68) | < 0.001 | 2.98(2.29–3.87) | < 0.001 | 2.50(1.17–5.39) | 0.018 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.39(1.07–1.79) | 0.012 | 1.00(0.75–1.32) | 0.971 | 0.87(0.61–1.23) | 0.437 |
> 480 | 2.45(1.83–3.29) | < 0.001 | 1.43(1.03–1.97) | 0.031 | 1.38(0.88–2.15) | 0.161 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.002 | |||
Prediabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.25(0.98–1.60) | 0.070 | 1.02(1.83–1.25) | 0.875 | 1.14(0.80–1.62) | 0.467 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.85(1.34–2.57) | < 0.001 | 1.26(0.88–1.79) | 0.205 | 1.27(0.83–1.95) | 0.275 |
> 480 | 2.71(1.90–3.85) | < 0.001 | 1.48(1.10–2.20) | 0.045 | 1.94(1.10–3.43) | 0.023 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.089 | 0.003 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.63(1.13–2.35) | 0.009 | 1.40(0.99–1.98) | 0.057 | 1.32(0.81–2.14) | 0.266 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.551(1.14–2.12) | 0.005 | 1.16(0.84–1.60) | 0.376 | 1.07(0.72–1.58) | 0.743 |
> 480 | 2.34(1.68–3.25) | < 0.001 | 1.69(1.20–2.39) | 0.003 | 1.85(1.13–3.01) | 0.014 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.010 |
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
Male | ||||||
Normal glucose regulation | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.99(1.22–3.24) | 0.006 | 1.74(1.08–2.80) | 0.023 | 1.56(0.78–3.15) | 0.212 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.37(0.90–2.08) | 0.144 | 0.93(0.59–1.47) | 0.742 | 1.05(0.61–1.81) | 0.862 |
> 480 | 2.06(1.33–3.21) | 0.001 | 1.35(0.82–2.20) | 0.224 | 1.11(0.60–2.04) | 0.737 |
Ptrend | 0.004 | 0.131 | 0.767 | |||
Prediabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 0.98(0.8–1.21) | 0.864 | 0.83(0.67–1.03) | 0.090 | 0.95(0.63–1.41) | 0.792 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.93(1.13–3.31) | 0.017 | 1.26(0.71–2.23) | 0.430 | 1.35(0.68–2.71) | 0.392 |
> 480 | 2.49(2.47–3.21) | 0.001 | 1.47(0.84–2.58) | 0.182 | 3.32(1.27–8.69) | 0.015 |
Ptrend | 0.007 | 0.255 | 0.020 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.26(0.86–1.83) | 0.237 | 1.16(0.82–1.64) | 0.409 | 1.16(0.68–1.98) | 0.588 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.41(0.88–2.24) | 0.153 | 1.22(0.76–2.00) | 0.421 | 1.10(0.62–1.95) | 0.734 |
> 480 | 1.98(2.24–3.16) | 0.004 | 1.65(1.02–2.67) | 0.043 | 2.05(1.99–4.28) | 0.054 |
Ptrend | 0.012 | 0.061 | 0.050 | |||
Female | ||||||
Normal glucose regulation | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 4.429(1.92–9.96) | < 0.001 | 2.60(1.29–4.27) | 0.008 | 1.68(0.57–4.93) | 0.343 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.49(1.07–2.07) | 0.018 | 1.04(0.73–1.49) | 0.816 | 0.80(0.50–1.26) | 0.336 |
> 480 | 2.64(1.77–3.94) | < 0.001 | 1.50(0.97–2.32) | 0.068 | 1.03(0.57–1.88) | 0.925 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.053 | 0.621 | |||
Prediabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 2.01(1.04–3.89) | 0.038 | 1.79(0.98–3.25) | 0.056 | 1.46(0.73–2.92) | 0.288 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.92(1.27–2.90) | 0.002 | 1.25(0.80–1.97) | 0.335 | 1.23(0.70–2.14) | 0.474 |
> 480 | 2.62(1.61–4.26) | < 0.001 | 1.51(0.87–2.56) | 0.130 | 1.48(0.71–3.07) | 0.293 |
Ptrend | 0.002 | 0.197 | 0.366 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 2.71(1.29–5.71) | 0.009 | 2.00(1.03–3.90) | 0.042 | 1.68(0.63–4.45) | 0.297 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.79(1.19–2.70) | 0.005 | 1.01(0.64–1.58) | 0.979 | 0.95(0.55–1.66) | 0.859 |
> 480 | 2.76(1.74–4.38) | < 0.001 | 1.62(0.99–2.66) | 0.056 | 1.60(0.81–3.15) | 0.175 |
Ptrend | < 0.001 | 0.033 | 0.109 |
Variables | Carotid artery plaques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI)a | P-value | OR (95% CI)b | P-value | OR (95% CI)c | P-value | |
≤ 60 | ||||||
Normal glucose regulation | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.42(1.08–1.86) | 0.012 | 1.34(1.03–1.75) | 0.030 | 3.00(0.91–9.90) | 0.072 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.11(0.74–1.65) | 0.621 | 1.08(0.72–1.62) | 0.727 | 0.84(0.50–1.40) | 0.493 |
> 480 | 1.76(1.10–2.83) | 0.020 | 1.54(0.95–2.51) | 0.082 | 1.68(0.87–3.50) | 0.163 |
Ptrend | 0.021 | 0.082 | 0.097 | |||
Prediabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 0.95(0.77–1.17) | 0.637 | 0.94(0.77–1.16) | 0.581 | 0.75(0.50–1.12) | 0.162 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.71(0.98–2.96) | 0.058 | 1.81(1.02–3.20) | 0.043 | 1.57(1.78–3.17) | 0.206 |
> 480 | 1.79(1.04–3.11) | 0.037 | 1.62(0.92–2.86) | 0.095 | 0.89(0.36–2.21) | 0.807 |
Ptrend | 0.093 | 0.224 | 0.594 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 3.41(1.30–8.93) | 0.013 | 3.27(1.26–8.53) | 0.015 | 1.51(0.55–4.15) | 0.420 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.66(1.02–2.68) | 0.041 | 1.55(0.95–2.53) | 0.078 | 1.50(0.82–2.76) | 0.189 |
> 480 | 2.23(1.38–3.60) | 0.001 | 2.18(1.34–3.54) | 0.002 | 1.47(0.73–2.94) | 0.282 |
Ptrend | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.438 | |||
> 60 | ||||||
Normal glucose regulation | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 2.71(1.79–7.74) | < 0.001 | 3.12(1.51–6.44) | 0.002 | 1.94(0.76–4.96) | 0.166 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.16(0.80–1.67) | 0.432 | 1.23(0.85–1.78) | 0.280 | 1.05(0.66–1.68) | 0.832 |
> 480 | 1.94(1.30–2.90) | 0.001 | 1.85(1.23–2.78) | 0.003 | 1.43(0.82–2.47) | 0.208 |
Ptrend | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.179 | |||
Prediabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.61(0.97–2.68) | 0.066 | 1.45(0.91–2.30) | 0.121 | 7.06(1.95–25.81) | 0.002 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.24(0.80–1.93) | 0.342 | 1.23(0.79–1.93) | 0.359 | 1.24(0.72–2.15) | 0.443 |
> 480 | 2.33(1.40–3.87) | 0.001 | 2.08(1.25–3.48) | 0.005 | 3.44(1.53–7.76) | 0.002 |
Ptrend | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.003 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||
Continuous (per 1 SD increase) | 1.15(0.76–1.75) | 0.501 | 1.18(0.86–1.63) | 0.304 | 1.27(0.74–2.17) | 0.383 |
< 56 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
[56–480] | 1.01(0.65–1.56) | 0.979 | 1.05(0.67–1.63) | 0.829 | 0.94(0.56–1.61) | 0.824 |
> 480 | 1.74(1.07–2.81) | 0.025 | 1.75(1.08–2.83) | 0.023 | 2.32(1.15–4.65) | 0.018 |
Ptrend | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.005 |